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624
L1
養
YŌ, yashinau
support, rear
15 strokes
YŌSEItraining
EIYŌSHIdietician
KYŌYŌculture
OBI ; seal . Typically taken as 163 ‘food’,
with 426 (‘sheep’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘provide, offer’, to give ‘provide food’
and hence ‘raise, bring up’ (generalized, not
625
浴
YOKU, abiru
bathe
L3
10 strokes
YOKUSHITSUbathroom
NIKKŌYOKUsunbathing
mizuabibathing
just sheep). This accounts for seal form, but not
earlier forms (OBI, bronze), which clearly have
() 112 ‘hit (with stick)’; this latter distinction
is noted by Yamada, and also Ma; Ma takes
OBI form as originally meaning ‘herd sheep’.
Script regularization has resulted in minor
modifications.YK1976:485-6; OT1968:1116;
MS1995:v2:1458-9; MR2007:322-3. Suggest taking
(variant of sheep ), and ‘food’.
Mnemonic: SUPPORT REARING SHEEP FOR
FOOD
Seal . Has 42 water, with 135 (‘valley’)
as phonetic with sense ‘scatter water’ > ‘scatter
water over oneself’, i.e. ‘bathe’. Mizukami takes
some OBI forms as same shape as OBI forms
for 257. KJ1970:888-9; MS1995:v2:756-7;
YK1976:486; OT1968:581.
Mnemonic: BATHE IN THE WATER IN THE
VALLEY
626
利
RI, kiku
profit, gain, efficiency
L3
7 strokes
RIEKIprofit, gain
RIYŌutilization
kikimeefficacy
OBI ; seal . OBI forms have 87 ‘grain’, and
a second – later predominant –element sometimes
occuring as i] /198 ‘knife/cut’, but
more commonly as ii] slightly more complex
element (Mizukami takes to be 刅 [origi-
nally, ‘damage with a blade’]) which is usually
interpreted as meaning ‘plow’. OBI type i] gives
the meaning ‘cut/harvest grains with a knife’
(Ma, Shirakawa); type ii] gives ‘cultivate grain
crops by working the soil with a plow’ (Yamada,
Ogawa). Senses such as ‘efficient’ and ‘gain’
represent extended usage. MS1995:v1:128-9;
YK1976:490-91; MR2007:303; SS1984:869;
OT1968:114.
Mnemonic: EFFICIENT KNIFE CUTS GRAIN
FOR PROFIT
627
陸
RIKU
land
L3
11 strokes
RIKUGUNarmy
JŌRIKUlanding
TAIRIKUcontinent
Bronze ; seal . Has 1907 ‘hill, piled-up
earth’, and 坴 (CO, ‘large clods of earth’) as
phonetic with associated sense ‘be lined up,
continue’, to give ‘continuous elevated land’.
MS1995:v2:1398-9; OT1968:1071; YK1976:493;
SS1984:874.
Mnemonic: HILLS AND EARTHEN MOUNDS
INDICATE LAND
204 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters