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smaller than the Chinese characters making up most of the text so as to help the reader understand it as Japanese. In broad terms, it was this sort of development that marked the very beginning of what was to evolve as the mixed kanji-kana writing used in Japan today. The Modern Period When Japan began actively to adopt various aspects of Western culture and modernize from the latter part of the nineteenth century onwards, some intellectuals expressed feelings of doubt over the very complicated way Japanese was written compared with the marvellous simplicity of the Roman alphabet which allowed any and every thought to be put in writing by means of no more than several dozen letters. Eventually, though, such doubts were set aside, and the Japanese persevered with a hugely intricate writing system which involved not only thousands of characters in their traditional, often very complicated, shapes, but also a very involved historical system of kana spellings. This changed after the end of the Pacific War in 1945, though, when Japanese society experienced many radical changes. Amongst them was script simplification. Starting in 1946, script reforms were carried out, promoting the use of a restricted character set of 1850 and a far simpler system of kana usage based on modern pronunciation. Broadly speaking, the script reforms put into effect from the late 1940s have been maintained down to the present, though with a degree of easing. For example, the number of general-use characters has been increased, first from 1850 to 1945 (in 1981) and then to 2136 (in 2010). Developments in computer technology from the 1970s onwards have tended to make it easier to write Japanese text using a larger character set, as passive confirmation of characters by the writer by selecting from a list of options on a computer screen is easier than active recall from memory when writing by hand. Computer technology has also greatly assisted the printing of Japanese text, both privately by individuals and commercially. As should be clear from the above, Chinese characters have been an integral part of Japanese culture for a period of about fifteen hundred years, and their importance is undiminished today. Many characters are used in senses different from in Chinese, and some have been simplified in shape in a way different from the simplified equivalents in PRC Chinese texts. For these reasons, while the Japanese word kanji () is commonly and validly translated as ‘Chinese characters’, in the context of Japanese it is equally valid to render it instead as ‘Japanese characters’, as in the title to this book. Note: readers wanting more details are referred to CS2000 (see Bibliography). The Japanese Writing System: A Brief Sketch 29
Hiragana and Katakana and Their Source Characters A from A from I from I from U from U from E from E from O from O from KA from KA from KI from KI from KU from KU from KE from KE from KO from KO from SA from SA from SHI from SHI from SU from SU from SE from SE from 30
Page 2: THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO Japanese Kanj
Page 5 and 6: Published by Tuttle Publishing, an
Page 7 and 8: The 80 First-Grade Characters......
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgments Thanks are due to O
Page 11 and 12: writing brush, and then incised. Wr
Page 13 and 14: 1.5 Cursive Script Forms While the
Page 15 and 16: 5) ‘semantic-phonetic compounds
Page 17 and 18: alternative etymologies for the sam
Page 19 and 20: 集韻 Jiyun (Collected Rhymes; J.
Page 21 and 22: text in reverse, then the blocks we
Page 23 and 24: eflects the reality that in this bo
Page 25 and 26: compound characters, in the form ),
Page 27 and 28: Limitations of This Book This book
Page 29: that the word kuruma ‘vehicle’
Page 33 and 34: Hiragana Katakana HO from HO from
Page 35 and 36: The 214 Determinatives (or ‘Radic
Page 37 and 38: No. English Alternative forms/nickn
Page 43 and 44: 4. However, in a few cases vertical
Page 45 and 46: Editorial and Typographical Matters
Page 48 and 49: THE KANJI
Page 50 and 51: 6 L4 音 ON, IN, oto, ne sound 9
Page 52 and 53: 14 休 KYŪ, yasumu rest(ing) L5 6
Page 54 and 55: 23 L5 校 KŌ school, check 10 stro
Page 56 and 57: 33 L5 車 SHA, kuruma vehicle 7
Page 58 and 59: 43 L4 GAKUSEI student ISSH
Page 60 and 61: 51 L5 52 L4 先 SEN, saki prior,
Page 62 and 63: 59 L5 中 4 CHŪ, naka middle, insi
Page 64 and 65: 68 年 NEN, toshi year L5 6 strokes
Page 66 and 67: 76 L5 目 5 MOKU, me, ma eye, look,
Page 68 and 69: 85 遠 EN, tōi distant L4 13 strok
Page 70 and 71: 93 L5 会 KAI, E, au meet 6 stro
Page 72 and 73: 101 L3 丸 3 GAN, maru, marui round
Page 74 and 75: 110 L4 111 L4 京 KYŌ, KEI c
Page 76 and 77: 118 L5 言 GEN, GON, koto, iu wo
Page 78 and 79: 126 L3 公 KŌ, ōyake public, fair
Page 80 and 81:
134 合 GŌ, KATSU, au/waseru Alter
Page 82 and 83:
142 L3 算 SAN reckon, count 14
Page 84 and 85:
150 L4 自 JI, SHI, mizukara sel
Page 86 and 87:
158 春 SHUN, haru of ‘forest’.
Page 88 and 89:
166 L4 親 SHIN, oya, shitashii
Page 90 and 91:
174 L3 雪 SETSU, yuki snow 11 stro
Page 92 and 93:
182 L4 体 TAI, TEI, karada body 7
Page 94 and 95:
190 L4 鳥 CHŌ, tori bird 11 st
Page 96 and 97:
199 冬 TŌ, fuyu winter L4 5 strok
Page 98 and 99:
207 L3 内 NAI, DAI, uchi inside
Page 100 and 101:
215 L3 番 BAN number, guard, tu
Page 102 and 103:
224 L5 北 HOKU, kita north, fle
Page 104 and 105:
233 L4 234 L5 野 YA, no moor
Page 106 and 107:
THE 200 THIRD GRADE CHARACTERS 241
Page 108 and 109:
249 L4 院 IN institute 10 strok
Page 110 and 111:
258 L3 HENKAchange KESHŌmake-u
Page 112 and 113:
267 L3 岸 GAN, kishi bank, shor
Page 114 and 115:
276 L4 去 KYO, KO, saru go, leave,
Page 116 and 117:
285 L3 君 KUN, kimi lord, you, Mr
Page 118 and 119:
294 向 KŌ, muku/keru/kau/kō turn
Page 120 and 121:
303 L4 使 SHI, tsukau use, serv
Page 122 and 123:
311 L3 式 SHIKI ceremony, form 6 s
Page 124 and 125:
319 受 JU, ukeru receive L3 8 stro
Page 126 and 127:
327 L3 宿 SHUKU, yado(ru) lodge, s
Page 128 and 129:
335 L3 勝 SHŌ, katsu, masaru win,
Page 130 and 131:
343 L4 進 SHIN, susumu/meru advanc
Page 132 and 133:
351 L3 息 10 SOKU, iki breath, res
Page 134 and 135:
359 第 DAI grade, order L3 11 stro
Page 136 and 137:
367 丁 CHŌ, TEI block , exact L1
Page 138 and 139:
375 転 TEN, korogeru/garu rotate,
Page 140 and 141:
383 等 TŌ, hitoshii, nado class,
Page 142 and 143:
391 L3 畑 hata, hatake (dry-) f
Page 144 and 145:
400 L3 筆 HITSU, fude writing brus
Page 146 and 147:
408 L4 服 FUKU clothes, yield,
Page 148 and 149:
415 L4 味 MI, aji, ajiwau taste
Page 150 and 151:
423 有 YŪ, U, aru have, exist L4
Page 152 and 153:
430 L3 様 14 YŌ, sama situatio
Page 154 and 155:
437 L3 列 RETSU row, line 6 str
Page 156 and 157:
texts for ‘use, employ, in order
Page 158 and 159:
451 L3 塩 EN, shio salt 13 strokes
Page 160 and 161:
458 L3 改 KAI, aratameru/maru refo
Page 162 and 163:
with minor bureaucrat/official’.
Page 164 and 165:
pleased’ is seen as an extended s
Page 166 and 167:
479 L3 泣 KYŪ, naku weep, cry 8 s
Page 168 and 169:
487 競 KYŌ, KEI, kisou, seru comp
Page 170 and 171:
494 L3 景 KEI, KE scene, view,
Page 172 and 173:
solid’. KJ1970:392; YK1976:167; T
Page 174 and 175:
509 L4 菜 SAI, na vegetable, ra
Page 176 and 177:
516 L3 察 SATSU judge, surmise,
Page 178 and 179:
522 L1 氏 SHI, uji clan, family, m
Page 180 and 181:
529 L3 530 L4 失 SHITSU, ush
Page 182 and 183:
537 L3 笑 SHŌ, warau, emu laugh,
Page 184 and 185:
still acting as phonetic and still
Page 186 and 187:
551 L3 折 SETSU, ori, oru/reru ben
Page 188 and 189:
558 L3 争 SŌ, arasou conflict, vi
Page 190 and 191:
566 L3 帯 TAI , obi, obiru belt
Page 192 and 193:
574 L1 腸 CHŌ, harawata intest
Page 194 and 195:
582 L3 努 DO, tsutomeru endeavor,
Page 196 and 197:
591 L3 敗 HAI, yaburu/reru defe
Page 198 and 199:
599 L3 標 HYŌ , shirushi sign(pos
Page 200 and 201:
found in the clerical script. Mizuk
Page 202 and 203:
614 牧 BOKU, maki OBI ; seal . Has
Page 204 and 205:
621 L3 約 9 YAKU promise, approx.,
Page 206 and 207:
628 L3 良 RYŌ, yoi good 7 stro
Page 208 and 209:
636 L3 歴 REKI history, path 14 st
Page 210 and 211:
THE 185 FIFTH GRADE CHARACTERS 641
Page 212 and 213:
647 L3 易 8 EKI, I, yasui, yasa
Page 214 and 215:
654 L1 恩 ON favor, kindness 10 st
Page 216 and 217:
660 L1 賀 GA congratulations 12 st
Page 218 and 219:
667 L1 668 L3 幹 KAN, miki trun
Page 220 and 221:
674 L1 義 GI righteousness 13 s
Page 222 and 223:
682 L3 禁 KIN forbid, ban 13 st
Page 224 and 225:
690 L3 検 KEN investigate 12 strok
Page 226 and 227:
sense, i.e. ‘test by comparison
Page 228 and 229:
(original Peking Palace woodblock e
Page 230 and 231:
713 L3 罪 ZAI, tsumi crime, sin 13
Page 232 and 233:
720 L3 師 SHI teacher, model, a
Page 234 and 235:
726 L4 質 SHITSU, SHICHI, CHI q
Page 236 and 237:
733 L3 準 JUN level, conform, quas
Page 238 and 239:
741 L3 情 11 JŌ, SEI, nasake feel
Page 240 and 241:
749 製 SEI Seal ; late graph (Shuo
Page 242 and 243:
757 L1 銭 SEN, zeni sen, coin, mon
Page 244 and 245:
764 L3 則 SOKU, nori, nottoru rule
Page 246 and 247:
772 L3 団 DANgodumpling FUTONfu
Page 248 and 249:
780 L1 統 TŌ, suberu supervise, l
Page 250 and 251:
788 破 HA, yaburu/reru Seal ; late
Page 252 and 253:
796 L1 俵 HYŌ, tawara sack, ba
Page 254 and 255:
of two vessels (one upright and the
Page 256 and 257:
810 L3 報 HŌ, mukuiru report,
Page 258 and 259:
816 L3 夢 MU, yume dream 13 stroke
Page 260 and 261:
824 L3 留 10 RYŪ, RU, tomaru/meru
Page 262 and 263:
830 映 EI, utsuru/su, haeru reflec
Page 264 and 265:
838 L3 割 KATSU, wari, waru div
Page 266 and 267:
847 L1 貴 KI, tattoi/bu, tōtoi
Page 268 and 269:
854 L1 筋 KINNIKUmuscle sujimi
Page 270 and 271:
862 L3 権 15 KEN, GON right, au
Page 272 and 273:
869 L1 后 6 KŌ, GO, kisaki empres
Page 274 and 275:
877 L3 骨 KOTSU, hone bone, frame
Page 276 and 277:
885 L1 蚕 SAN, kaiko silkworm 1
Page 278 and 279:
893 L1 射 SHA, iru shoot 10 stroke
Page 280 and 281:
900 L1 就 12 SHŪ, JU, tsuku take
Page 282 and 283:
907 L3 処 SHO deal with, place
Page 284 and 285:
914 L3 城 JŌ, shiro castle 9 stro
Page 286 and 287:
922 L1 聖 SEISHObible SEIJIN sa
Page 288 and 289:
930 L1 奏 9 SŌ, kanaderu play ins
Page 290 and 291:
938 存 SON, ZON senses ‘not move
Page 292 and 293:
946 値 CHI, atai, ne price, value
Page 294 and 295:
953 L3 賃 CHIN wages, fee 13 st
Page 296 and 297:
961 L3 乳 NYŪ, chichi, chi bre
Page 298 and 299:
968 L1 肺 HAI lung(s) 9 strokes
Page 300 and 301:
976 L1 奮 FUN, furuu be excited, s
Page 302 and 303:
983 L1 宝 HŌ, takara treasure
Page 304 and 305:
992 L1 模 MO, BO copy, model, m
Page 306 and 307:
1000 L3 卵 RAN, tamago egg, roe
Page 308 and 309:
THE REMAINING 1130 CHARACTERS 1007
Page 310 and 311:
1015 依 I, E, yoru OBI ; seal . Ha
Page 312 and 313:
1022 L1 椅 I chair 12 strokes IS
Page 314 and 315:
1030 L1 茨 9 ibara, SHI thatch, br
Page 316 and 317:
1038 唄 uta, BAI song L1 10 stroke
Page 318 and 319:
item’ (Ogawa, Katō), or - origin
Page 320 and 321:
noted in Mizukami as an extended me
Page 322 and 323:
1059 L1 1060 L2 汚 6 O, kegare/
Page 324 and 325:
1068 岡 oka, KŌ hill, knoll L3 8
Page 326 and 327:
1075 穏 ON, odayaka peace, moderat
Page 328 and 329:
1083 暇 KA, hima, itoma leisure, f
Page 330 and 331:
1091 瓦 GA, kawara, GURAMU tile, g
Page 332 and 333:
1099 L1 皆 KAI, min(n)a all, ev
Page 334 and 335:
1106 L1 劾 8 GAI investigate (a wr
Page 336 and 337:
1114 垣 kaki fence, hedge L1 9 str
Page 338 and 339:
1122 嚇 KAKU, odosu/kasu threaten,
Page 340 and 341:
1129 L1 喝 KATSU shout, scold 11 s
Page 342 and 343:
1137 鎌 kama, REN sickle L1 18 str
Page 344 and 345:
1144 L1 陥 KAN, ochiiru collaps
Page 346 and 347:
connection with 1146, the early mea
Page 348 and 349:
1157 寛 KAN, kutsurogu magnanimous
Page 350 and 351:
1166 L1 NENKANyearbook KANSHŌa
Page 352 and 353:
1173 L1 KICHŪin mourning KIN
Page 354 and 355:
1181 L1 ikuNINhow many people KI
Page 356 and 357:
1188 宜 GI, yoroshii proper, good
Page 358 and 359:
prises (see 611), a determinative
Page 360 and 361:
1203 L1 丘 KYŪ, oka hill, hill
Page 362 and 363:
distinguish carefully from the sim
Page 364 and 365:
1217 狂 KYŌ, kuruu lunatic, mad L
Page 366 and 367:
1225 L1 脅 10 KYŌ, odo(ka)su, obi
Page 368 and 369:
1233 斤 KIN weight, ax L1 4 stroke
Page 370 and 371:
1241 吟 GIN recite, sing L1 7 stro
Page 372 and 373:
1248 串 kushi, KAN pierce, skewer
Page 374 and 375:
1255 薫 KUN, kaoru/ri aroma, fragr
Page 376 and 377:
meaning, and ‘mountain stream’
Page 378 and 379:
1268 L1 慶 KEI, yorokobu joy, rejo
Page 380 and 381:
1274 鯨 GEI, kujira whale L1 19 st
Page 382 and 383:
1282 L2 剣 KEN, tsurugi sword,
Page 384 and 385:
1289 遣 KEN, tsukau, yaru send, us
Page 386 and 387:
visible’ is presumably a loan usa
Page 388 and 389:
1301 L1 虎 KO, tora tiger, drunkar
Page 390 and 391:
1309 顧 KO, kaerimiru look back L1
Page 392 and 393:
OBI , bronze ; seal . The bronze fo
Page 394 and 395:
sociated sense ‘hit, strike’, g
Page 396 and 397:
determinatives (540 in total) there
Page 398 and 399:
1336 L1 慌 KŌ, awateru/tadashii b
Page 400 and 401:
1344 衡 KŌ, kubiki scales, yoke L
Page 402 and 403:
1350 L1 豪 14 GŌSHŪAustralia
Page 404 and 405:
ing the head of an insect, with leg
Page 406 and 407:
1364 L1 懇 17 KON, nengoro na f
Page 408 and 409:
1372 砕 SAI, kudaku/keru break, sm
Page 410 and 411:
1379 L1 塞 13 SAI, SOKU, fusagu ob
Page 412 and 413:
1387 索 SAKU rope, search L1 10 st
Page 414 and 415:
1394 L1 撮 SATSU, toru, tsumamu pl
Page 416 and 417:
1402 L2 伺 7 SHI, ukagau visit, se
Page 418 and 419:
1410 嗣 SHI, tsugu heir, succeed t
Page 420 and 421:
agree that one component is / 42
Page 422 and 423:
(profile) for ‘bed’ with a stro
Page 424 and 425:
1429 L1 赦 SHA forgiveness 11 stro
Page 426 and 427:
Shirakawa, though, takes as claws o
Page 428 and 429:
first appeared [as independent grap
Page 430 and 431:
1447 L1 需 JU need, demand 14 stro
Page 432 and 433:
1454 L1 羞 SHŪ, hajiru be ashamed
Page 434 and 435:
1461 L1 充 JŪ, ateru, mitasu f
Page 436 and 437:
for ‘uncle younger than one’s p
Page 438 and 439:
flecting the use in Shang times of
Page 440 and 441:
1480 L1 庶 11 SHO masses, vario
Page 442 and 443:
age; this complex form was ousted a
Page 444 and 445:
1494 L1 宵 SHŌ, yoi evening 10 st
Page 446 and 447:
1501 L1 掌 SHŌ, tanagokoro con
Page 448 and 449:
1507 L1 奨 SHŌ urge, encourage 13
Page 450 and 451:
part in ancient China, being seen a
Page 452 and 453:
1520 L1 縄 JŌ, nawa rope, cord 15
Page 454 and 455:
1526 拭 SHOKU, nuguu, fuku wipe, s
Page 456 and 457:
1534 L1 芯 7 SHIN core, padding, w
Page 458 and 459:
eading furu ‘shake’, as also th
Page 460 and 461:
1546 L1 審 SHIN judge, investig
Page 462 and 463:
overall meaning ‘enjoy union’,
Page 464 and 465:
1559 L1 帥 SUI commander 9 strokes
Page 466 and 467:
consisting in one view of 1739 ‘
Page 468 and 469:
appears to already provide the mean
Page 470 and 471:
1578 L1 斉 SEI, hitoshii equal, si
Page 472 and 473:
1586 L1 斥 SEKI, shirizokeru re
Page 474 and 475:
1593 籍 SEKI meaning is ‘written
Page 476 and 477:
1599 扇 SEN, ōgi, aogu fan L1 10
Page 478 and 479:
1607 箋 SEN paper, letter L1 14 st
Page 480 and 481:
1613 L1 禅 ZEN Zen, meditation 13
Page 482 and 483:
1620 措 SO place, dispose L1 11 st
Page 484 and 485:
1627 双 SŌ, futapair, both L2 4 s
Page 486 and 487:
1634 L1 曹 SŌ, ZŌ official, c
Page 488 and 489:
1639 L1 葬 SŌ, hōmuru bury 12 st
Page 490 and 491:
comb’. Sense then generalized to
Page 492 and 493:
1653 俗 ZOKU Bronze ; seal . Has 4
Page 494 and 495:
1658 唾 DA, tsuba(ki) Seal ; late
Page 496 and 497:
1665 L1 泰 TAI calm, serene, bi
Page 498 and 499:
1671 L1 戴 TAI, (DAI), itadaku rec
Page 500 and 501:
1678 L2 濯 TAKU wash, rinse 17 str
Page 502 and 503:
ten with a pictograph showing two s
Page 504 and 505:
tograph of a young plant putting ou
Page 506 and 507:
elow); the associated sense of here
Page 508 and 509:
1705 L1 秩 CHITSU order 10 strokes
Page 510 and 511:
1712 L1 鋳 CHŪ, iru cast, found,
Page 512 and 513:
mean ‘monetary change’. Note: w
Page 514 and 515:
tower above; sign’) was added as
Page 516 and 517:
1730 珍 CHIN, mezurashii gives pro
Page 518 and 519:
1736 L1 塚 tsuka, CHŌ mound, tumu
Page 520 and 521:
port such an interpretation, though
Page 522 and 523:
1748 訂 TEI correct, revise L1 9 s
Page 524 and 525:
1756 摘 TEKI, tsumu/mamu pluck, ex
Page 526 and 527:
iguous in writing through addition
Page 528 and 529:
1768 L1 妬 TO, netamu/mi/mashii be
Page 530 and 531:
1775 到 TŌ, itaru Bronze ; seal .
Page 532 and 533:
phonetic, with associated sense ‘
Page 534 and 535:
1786 L1 搭 TŌ load, board 12 stro
Page 536 and 537:
1792 謄 TŌ copy L1 17 strokes T
Page 538 and 539:
1798 L1 瞳 DŌ, hitomi pupil (of e
Page 540 and 541:
cave’, and as phonetic with asso
Page 542 and 543:
How, though, did the graph come to
Page 544 and 545:
as depicting one person leaning aga
Page 546 and 547:
1826 L1 寧 NEI, mushiro peace,
Page 548 and 549:
1833 婆 BA, baba Seal ( ) . The se
Page 550 and 551:
ing things, thus ‘grow, cultivate
Page 552 and 553:
1847 L1 剥 HAKU, hagu/gasu peel, s
Page 554 and 555:
form, which has firewood projecting
Page 556 and 557:
1861 L1 氾 5 HAN flood, deluge, ov
Page 558 and 559:
1868 販 HAN sell, trade L2 11 stro
Page 560 and 561:
1874 L1 繁 HAN, shigeru profuse
Page 562 and 563:
1879 L2 彼 HI, kare, kano, ano
Page 564 and 565:
1886 L1 罷 HI, makaru cease, leave
Page 566 and 567:
1892 L1 肘 hiji elbow 7 strokes
Page 568 and 569:
1898 L1 描 BYŌ, egaku depict, dra
Page 570 and 571:
and flattish’; overall meaning is
Page 572 and 573:
later represented by changing deter
Page 574 and 575:
at clerical script stage. Note: 尃
Page 576 and 577:
kami notes a different view that se
Page 578 and 579:
1929 L1 噴 FUN, fuku emit, spout,
Page 580 and 581:
taken as ‘avoid’, thus ‘hangi
Page 582 and 583:
1942 癖 HEKI, kuse habit, kink L1
Page 584 and 585:
out metal fitting’ (on a gate/doo
Page 586 and 587:
1956 泡 HŌ, awa Seal ; a late gra
Page 588 and 589:
graph has the same structure but is
Page 590 and 591:
(both interpretations are listed in
Page 592 and 593:
added to indicate meaning of ‘sid
Page 594 and 595:
1985 L1 僕 BOKU, shimobe manser
Page 596 and 597:
1991 L1 奔 HON run, bustle 8 st
Page 598 and 599:
1997 磨 MA, migaku polish, scour,
Page 600 and 601:
2003 又 mata again L1 2 strokes
Page 602 and 603:
strange’. An alternative analysis
Page 604 and 605:
not done also). The original meanin
Page 606 and 607:
2022 盲 MŌ, mekura blind L1 8 str
Page 608 and 609:
ut ‘fire’. This commentator (Gu
Page 610 and 611:
2034 L1 愉 YU joy, pleasure 12 str
Page 612 and 613:
2040 湧 YŪ, waku , for which ther
Page 614 and 615:
2046 L1 融 YŪ, tokeru dissolve, m
Page 616 and 617:
ment in bronze stage equivalents of
Page 618 and 619:
ing it a distinct possibility that
Page 620 and 621:
2063 拉 RA, RATSU, hishigu/ Seal ;
Page 622 and 623:
2069 L1 2070 L1 酪 13 RAKU d
Page 624 and 625:
2076 L1 履 RI, haku footwear, walk
Page 626 and 627:
2081 L1 竜 RYŪ, tatsu dragon 1
Page 628 and 629:
suggesting orderly construction rat
Page 630 and 631:
Mizukami). Sense modified (dependin
Page 632 and 633:
2098 L1 倫 RIN principles, ethi
Page 634 and 635:
2104 励 RUI, hagemu/masu later var
Page 636 and 637:
2109 隷 REI the seal script, came
Page 638 and 639:
2114 L1 烈 RETSU fierce, intens
Page 640 and 641:
2121 賂 RO, mainai Seal ; late gra
Page 642 and 643:
phonetic with associated sense ‘s
Page 644:
2135 L2 湾 WAN bay, gulf 12 stroke
Page 647 and 648:
Readings Index A A 1007 abareru 8
Page 649 and 650:
BŌ 814 BŌ 985 BŌ 986 BŌ 987
Page 651 and 652:
EI 449 EI 450 EI 644 EI 645 EI
Page 653 and 654:
GO 1311 GO 1312 GO 1313 GO 1314
Page 655 and 656:
HI 1878 HI 1879 HI 1880 HI 1881
Page 657 and 658:
isago 879 isago 1366 isamashii 6
Page 659 and 660:
KAI 1102 KAI 1103 KAI 1104 KAI
Page 661 and 662:
KEN 20 KEN 100 KEN 290 KEN 291
Page 663 and 664:
KŌ 1342 KŌ 1343 KŌ 1344 KŌ
Page 665 and 666:
KYŪ 1203 KYŪ 1204 KYŪ 1205 KY
Page 667 and 668:
mukuiru 810 mukuro 1113 muna- 85
Page 669 and 670:
odokasu 1225 oeru 322 odoroku 12
Page 671 and 672:
RYŪ 824 RYŪ 2080 RYŪ 2081 RY
Page 673 and 674:
SEN 1608 SEN 1609 SEN 1610 SEN
Page 675 and 676:
SHŌ 912 SHŌ 913 SHŌ 933 SHŌ
Page 677 and 678:
SUI 1685 suji 854 suki 503 suki
Page 679 and 680:
TO 1767 TO 1768 TO 1769 TO 1770
Page 681 and 682:
UN 251 unagasu 1651 unaji 1339 u
Page 683 and 684:
yudaneru 245 yue 694 YUI 827 YUI
Page 685 and 686:
1806 1821 1893 1967 2030 5 stro
Page 687 and 688:
1095 1142 1167 1172 1173 1199
Page 689 and 690:
361 366 370 377 391 392 398
Page 691 and 692:
1581 1588 1589 1599 1600 1619
Page 693 and 694:
385 397 400 424 428 429 431
Page 695 and 696:
1613 1624 1640 1654 1670 1672
Page 697 and 698:
1104 1105 1113 1121 1161 1162
Page 700 and 701:
APPENDIX & BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 702 and 703:
In this book the general trend in i
Page 704 and 705:
KZ2001 Zhang Yushu et al., Kangxi z
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