480531170

207
L3
内
NAI, DAI, uchi
inside
4 strokes
NAIBUinner part
KANAIwife
uchiKIshyness
OBI . Components are ‘roof’ or ‘dwelling’ with
‘entrance’. By extension, ‘enter’, ‘inside’ (though
Ma takes ‘enter’ as the primary meaning).
KJ1970:515-6; SS1984:666; MR2007:324. In
modern form we suggest taking as ‘person’
41, and the ‘hoop’ as a frame.
Mnemonic: PERSON TOO BIG TO GET FULLY
INSIDE FRAME
208
L5
南
NAN, minami
south
9 strokes
TŌNANsoutheast
NANKYOKUSouth Pole
minamigawasouth side
Found in OBI texts onwards , but etymology
disputed. Hypotheses include taking as
based on pictograph for ‘(decorated?) tent’, and
phonetic with associated sense ‘warm’ (Katō,
Ogawa, Yamada), perhaps to indicate facing
south (Katō), or as pictograph of a musical
instrument (Shirakawa; Yamada also notes
as alternative possibility). ‘South’ is loan use.
KJ1970:959-60; OT1968:139; YK1976:398-9;
SS1984:666-7; KJ1985:86-7.
Mnemonic: TENT WITH CROSS AND TIED
ENTRANCE FACING SOUTH
209
L4
肉
NIKU
meat, flesh
6 strokes
BANIKUhorsemeat
NIKUyabutcher
NIKUGANnaked eye
OBI form is based on pictograph of a piece
of meat. Bronze forms onwards show several
internal lines, not just one; these represent the
graining or sinews in the meat. Note: as one element
in a more complex graph, in the modern
210
馬
BA, uma, ma
horse
L3
10 strokes
BAJUTSUhorsemanship
umanorihorse-riding
magopack-horse driver
script (both Japanese and Chinese) changes
to as a determinative relating to the body
and certain other contexts, as in e.g. 968
‘lungs’, and so in shape is now indistinguishable
from 18 ‘moon’ as a determinative in more
complex forms, e.g. 269 ‘period’. This simply
reflects the historical situation, as both and
‘moon’ were indistinguishable in shape
already in seal script when they occurred as
elements in compound graphs. MR2007:301-2;
KJ1970:479; MS1995:v2:1068-9.
Mnemonic: A GRAINY FILLET OF MEAT
OBI forms such as show the graph is
clearly based on a pictograph of a horse.
MS1995:v2:1466-7; MR2007:414.
Mnemonic: FLOWING MANE, FOUR LEGS
AND A TAIL – MUST BE A HORSE
The 160 Second Grade Characters 97