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772
L3
団
DANgodumpling
FUTONfuton, quilt
DANTAIgroup
DAN, TON
group, body, mass,
ball, round
6 strokes
Bronze ; seal ; traditional Has 84
(‘enclosure’, originally probably just circular
shape), and 925 (orig. ‘hold spool-shaped
toy/spool’, now ‘sole’) as semantic and phonetic
meaning ‘round, make round’, to give
‘round’. ‘Round’ is still a quite common sense
in modern Japanese, and ‘group’ is likely just
an extended sense. KJ1970:685; YK1976;352;
MS1995:v1:260-61. Modern simplified form
uses 920 ‘hand’, ‘measure’.
Mnemonic: GROUP HAS MEASURED
ENCLOSURE ROUND IT
773
L3
断
DAN, kotowaru, tatsu
cut, be decisive, decline,
judge
11 strokes
SETSUDANamputation
DANGENaffirmation
kotowarigakiproviso
Seal ; traditional Has 1233 ‘ax’, and
/ (‘short threads’ 29 divided by line) > ‘cut
threads’ > generalized sense ‘cut’, then extended
senses as ‘decisive’ and ‘refuse’. The change in
orientation of left-hand element in traditional
form seems to have been between seal and
block script stage. Mizukami also lists what are
possibly pre-seal forms of MS1995:v1:598-9;
KJ1970:685;YK1976:353; SK1984:359. Take as
‘rice’ 220.
Mnemonic: DECISIVELY DECLINE RICE CUT
WITH AX IN CORNER
774
L3
築
CHIKU, kizuku
build
16 strokes
KENCHIKUbuilding
KENCHIKUKAarchitect
kizukinaosurebuild
Bronze ; seal . Has 73 ‘wood’ and
(latter made up of a lower part the bronze
equivalent of which shows a person with arms
held out towards an object, together with 58
‘bamboo’ as top element, taken to mean ‘pluck
strings of musical instrument with bamboo
plectrum’) as phonetic with associated sense
‘pound, strike downwards’, giving overall
meaning ‘wooden instrument to pound the
ground’; by extension, ‘make the earth firm’ for
building on, and by further extension ‘build’.
MS1995:v2:990-92; YK1976:357-8; KJ1970:277-
8. Suggest taking as 125 ‘work’, and 1993
‘mediocre’.
Mnemonic: BUILDING SHOWS MEDIOCRE
WORK WITH WOOD AND BAMBOO
775
張
CHŌ, haru
stretch
L3
11 strokes
SHUCHŌassertion
KAKUCHŌexpansion
miharube on guard
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 107 ‘bow’,
and 189 (‘long’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘expand’, to give ‘bow expands’ (Mizukami
also lists ‘long’ as an alternative associated
sense). Sense then generalized from ‘expand
outwards’ to ‘stretch’. MS1995:v1:470-72;
KJ1970:703; YK1976:366.
Mnemonic: DRAW LONGBOW TO FULL
STRETCH
The 185 Fifth Grade Characters 245