480531170

‘make subjects and the like behave in upright
manner’ as an extended sense, and by further
extension ‘edict; warn, punish’. According to
Katō, in Han times this graph was used in the
sense of a warning issued by government officials;
it appears that subsequently it took on
the more specialized meaning ‘imperial edict’.
Also in Han times , entailing ‘strike’ being
replaced by 78 ‘strength, power’, emerged
1728
L1
捗
CHOKU, hakadoru
(make) progress
10 strokes
捗 SHINCHOKUprogress
捗 hakabakashiirapid, active
(no other compounds)
as a variant writing. has been adopted as
standard in modern Japanese usage, though
in Chinese usage has been retained as
standard. GY2008:1205,811; KJ1970:648-
9; MS1995:v1:576-7; DJ2009:v1:265;
OT1968:127,498; ZY2009:v2:449,v1:78.
Mnemonic: POWERFUL IMPERIAL EDICTS
COME IN A BUNDLE
A late, post-Shuowen graph. Has 34 ‘hand’,
and (traditional form of 221 ‘walk’),
which here appears to be an abbreviation for
(‘climb’) as phonetic (associated sense unclear),
a proposal which is supported by sound
values for as opposed to . According to
Ogawa and Shirakawa, the original meaning
of 捗 in Chinese was ‘collect’. Schuessler,
though, gives ‘promote’ as an additional sense
for , and this leads to the meaning ‘make
progress, advance’. OT1968:416; SS1984:609;
AS2007:619.
Mnemonic: WALKING ON HANDS, BUT STILL
MAKING PROGRESS
1729
沈
CHIN,shizumu/meru
sink
L2
7 strokes
CHINBOTSUsinking
CHINTAIstagnation
CHINKAsubsidence
OBI ; seal . The ancestral OBI forms
vary somewhat; all have / 42 ‘water’
(here, ‘river’), and many occurrences have
enclosed within the water/river 108 ‘ox/
cow’, signifying an ox/cow being submerged,
and meaning ‘sink ox/cow into river in ritual
to river deity’. The structure of this graph
changed at the bronze stage more consistently
to , combined with 冘 (CO ‘heavy’;
see Note below) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘hang down heavily, sink deep’, giving
‘sink in water’; sense then generalized to
‘sink’. Note: 冘 originally (OBI stage) depicts
a person carrying a heavy object such as a
weapon or agricultural implement, thereby
giving the meaning ‘heavy’. It also has a
meaning of ‘doubtful’ in modern Chinese.
MS1995:v2:738-9,v1:112-3; KJ1970:683-5;
GY2008:502-3; BK1957:174-5; OT1968:562
We suggest taking 冘 as man with crooked
leg and two broken arms.
Mnemonic: ALAS, HEAVY MAN WITH
CROOKED LEG AND TWO BROKEN ARMS
SINKS INTO THE WATER
514 The Remaining 1130 Characters