480531170

1925
L2
払
FUTSU, harau
pay, rid, sweep away
5 strokes
FUTTEIshortage
haraimodosurefund
haraidasudrive out
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen); traditional
. Has 34 ’hand’, with (NJK, ‘straighten’;
see Note below) as phonetic with associated
sense taken as i] ‘suddenly remove’, giving
‘push aside with the hand’ (Ogawa), or ii] ‘dirt’,
giving ‘remove dirt by hand’ (Katō). Note: the
OBI form of is taken by Gu as depicting bent
arrows being straightened using cord wrapped
round them, while Shirakawa takes it to be cord
wrapped round saplings to bind and keep them
straight. was later borrowed as a convenient
way of representing a grammatical function
word of negative meaning. In older Japanese
texts, is sometimes found used again as a
loan – in this case on the basis of shape – for
DORU ‘dollar’. OT1968:401; KJ1970:832;
GY2008:598; SS1984:202. We suggest taking
as a nose.
Mnemonic: HAND GIVES SWEEPING BLOW TO
NOSE TO GET PAYMENT
1926
沸
FUTSU, waku/kasu Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 42 ‘water’,
boil, gush
and (‘straighten’; see 1925 Note) as phonetic
L2
8 strokes
with associated sense ‘emerge suddenly, gush
out’, giving ‘water gushes out’. Katō sees ‘boil’
FUTTENboiling point
as loan usage. The change of to , though
wakitatsuseethe
wakiderugush forth
used in / 1925, was judged too radical for
this graph in Japan. KJ1970:832; OT1968:568.
Suggest winding on sticks.
Mnemonic: WATER ‘UNWINDS’ BOUND STICKS
WHEN IT BOILS
1927
紛
FUN, magireru/rasu Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 29
magirawashii
‘thread’, with 218 ‘divide, separate’ as semantic
and phonetic, giving ‘thread becomes
L1
confusion, stray
10 strokes
separated, tangled thread’; by extension,
‘be confused’. OT1968:771; TA1965:726-9;
SS1984:756-7.
FUNSHITSUloss
FUNSŌdispute
FUNPUNin confusion
Mnemonic: DIVIDED THREADS GO ASTRAY,
CAUSING CONFUSION
1928
L1
雰
12
FUN
atmosphere, air,
ambience, fog
strokes
FUN’IKIatmosphere, ambience
MUFUNmisty air
SŌFUNfrosty air
Seal . The main heading in Shuowen has ,
comprising ‘vapors, cloud layers’ (original
way of writing 12 ‘spirit’), with 218 (‘divide’)
as phonetic with associated sense ‘disperse’,
giving ‘dispersed vapors, atmosphere’,
and also ‘mist’. is noted as an alternative
form, the determinative replaced by 3
‘rain’, likewise combining with as phonetic.
DJ2009:v1:31; MS1995:v2:726-8; SS1984:757;
AS2007:235; OT1968:1085.
Mnemonic: RAIN DIVIDES THE ATMOSPHERE
576 The Remaining 1130 Characters