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824
L3
留
10
RYŪ, RU,
tomaru/meru
stop, fasten
strokes
RYŪGAKUstudy abroad
RUSUBANcaretaker
tomeganea clasp
Bronze ; seal . Interpretations differ. One
view is to take as (NJK, here: ‘horse’s bit’ –
one of several attributed original meanings
[see 813 and 2080]), with (original meaning
disputed; possibly ‘wine press’ – see 421) as
phonetic with associated sense ‘metal bit’, to
give ‘attach bridle firmly to horse’s bit’. As this
was to stop a horse, this gave rise to the generalized
sense ‘stop’ (Yamada, Katō). Ogawa, by
contrast, treats as 63 ‘rice-field’, with (see
813) as phonetic with associated sense ‘enclose’,
giving ‘enclose arable land with crops’, and by
extension ‘stop’. Mizukami lists both analyses.
YK1976:495-6; KJ1970:770; MS1995:v2:878-9;
OT1968:671. We suggest taking the upper components
as sword 198 and as a symbol of
being bent.
Mnemonic: SWORD BENT WHILE DIGGING
FIELD – HAD TO STOP
825
L3
領
14
RYŌ
control, possess,
chief, territory
strokes
RYŌJIconsul
RYŌDOterritory, dominion
YŌRYŌgist
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 103 ‘head’,
and 633 (‘order, rule over’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘upright’, to give ‘upright part
of the head’, i.e. ‘neck’. The current meanings
are perhaps extended senses, based on the
concept of the head being a chief part and
derivates from that. YK1976:499; KJ1970:917;
OT1968:1104; AS2007:318. We suggest taking
in its meaning of ‘rule’.
Mnemonic: CONTROL REQUIRES THE HEAD
TO RULE
The 185 Fifth Grade Characters 259