480531170

1192
戯
GI, tawamureru
play, frolic, joke
L1
15 strokes
YŪGITEKIplayful
GIGAcaricature
tawagoto* gibberish
Bronze ; seal ; traditional . Latter has
476/545 ‘halberd’, with (CO, ‘type of old
porcelain/pottery vessel’) as phonetic with
associated sense taken as i] ‘rough, unrefined’,
giving ‘roughly-made halberd, for play’ (Katō), or
ii] ‘perform a task’, giving ‘military practice before
battle’ (Ogawa). Clearly the ‘play’ meaning has
become prominent, including to frolic and flirt.
At some point as phonetic has been replaced
by 1212 ‘hollow, empty’. KJ1970:256-7;
OT1968:397.
Mnemonic: HOLLOW HALBERD USED IN PLAY
1193
擬
GI
imitate, model
L1
17 strokes
MOGIimitation
GISEIbluff
GISEI onomatopoeia
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 34
‘hand’, and 848 (‘doubt’) taken in one
1194
L1
犠
GI
sacrifice
17 strokes
GISEIsacrifice
GISEISHAvictim
GIDA sacrifice hit (baseball)
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 108
‘cow, ox’, and 674 (later meaning: ‘righteous’),
which may be taken as both semantic
and phonetic in function; the original meaning
of , which includes 833 (originally
‘halberd’, now ‘I, self’) is ‘animal sacrifice’. This
then leads to an overall sense ‘ox sacrifice’,
analysis as phonetic with associated senses
‘doubtful’ or ‘resemble’, the latter giving ‘make
something to resemble by hand’, and hence
‘imitate’ (Katō). Another analysis takes as
both semantic and phonetic, again giving the
overall sense ‘imitate’ (Ogawa). KJ1970:248-9;
OT1968:432.
Mnemonic: MAKE DOUBTFUL IMITATION BY
HAND
or more generally ‘animal sacrifice’ for
(Ogawa, Tōdō, Shirakawa). A divergent view is
offered by Katō, who maintains that serves
here as phonetic only, originally with an associated
sense ‘young male (ox)’, which for
sacrificial purposes was of a single color, and
‘single color’ subsequently came to predominate
as the new associated sense, giving the
overall sense ‘young ox of a single color’; in
this interpretation, ‘sacrifice’ is an extended
sense. SS1984:165; OT1968:639; TA1965:592;
KJ1970:241-2.
Mnemonic: ONLY A RIGHTEOUS COW CAN BE
A SACRIFICE
1195
L1
菊
KIKU
chrysanthemum
11 strokes
noGIKUaster
KIKKAchrysanthemum
KIKUBAN small octavo
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 53
‘plant, vegetation’, and CO (see Note below)
as phonetic with associated sense taken as i]
‘having shrivelled leaves’, giving ‘plant with
shrivelled leaves’ (Katō), or ii] ‘round’, giving
‘plant with round [head/flower]’, i.e. ‘chrysanthemum’
(Ogawa). However, both Katō and
Shirakawa maintain that in ancient times this
graph did not refer to the chrysanthemum/
an autumn-flowering plant; according to
Shirakawa, originally it referred instead to a
different flowering plant called Wild Pink or
Large Pink (Dianthus superbus). Note: com-
356 The Remaining 1130 Characters