480531170

1255
薫
KUN, kaoru/ri
aroma, fragrance
L1
16 strokes
KUNKŌincense, fragrance
KUNzurube/make fragrant
KUNPŪfragrant breeze
1256
刑
KEI
punish(ment)
L1
6 strokes
SHOKEIpunishment
SHIKEIdeath penalty
KEIJIdetective, penal case
Bronze ; seal . Has 198 ‘knife’, in
bronze with (or some cases ), generally
taken as some kind of framework – whether
as i] an enclosure such as a cage for confining
prisoners, or as ii] a framework or mold for
making items as in 493 ‘mold, model’. The
overall sense is taken as ‘inflict wound with
knife/punish, and confine within enclosure’
(Mizukami); Shirakawa suggests originally
represented a neck-brace, and Tōdō suggests
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional .
Has 53 ‘plant’, and (‘smolder’, see 1254)
as phonetic with associated sense ‘fragrance
hangs heavy’, giving ‘fragrant herb, fragrance;
be fragrant’. OT1968:873; TA1965:723-5. Take
as ‘heavy’, and 8 ‘burn’.
Mnemonic: BURNING PLANTS GIVE OUT A
HEAVY FRAGRANCE
it may represent handcuffs. Over time, became
modified to 开 , resulting in . Scholars
tend to agree there was originally just one
underlying word in early Chinese, which later
came to be distinguished in script as and
. Note: Shuowen treats and separately,
defining former as ‘punish criminal’, and latter
as ‘cut off head with sword’, but Kangxi zidian
treats as just a variant of . Mizukami lists
these two graphs separately, but notes them as
being essentially the same. DJ2009:v2:417,367;
ZY2009:v1:65; MS1995:v1:124-5; SS1984:226-7;
TA1965:501-03; AS2007:540. Suggest taking 开
as neck-brace.
Mnemonic: PUNISHMENT INVOLVES NECK-
BRACE AND KNIFE!
1257
茎
KEI, kuki
stalk, stem
L1
8 strokes
KYŪKEIbulb
CHIKAKEIroot stock
hagukithe gums
1258
L1
契
KEI, chigiru
pledge, vow
9 strokes
KEIYAKUcontract
KEIKIopportunity
KEIINjoint seal
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional .
Has 53 ‘plant’, and CO 287 (‘threads
stretched on loom’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘straight’ > ‘straight part of plant’,
i.e. ‘stalk/stem’. OT1968:848; KJ1970:156;
MS1995:v1:424-7. Use 2003 ‘hand’, 64 ‘soil’.
Mnemonic: HAND TAKES PLANT STEM FROM
THE SOIL
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has /
‘make marks/notches () with knife’ 198,
by extension ‘make marks for record’, and 56
‘big’, giving ‘make important record/tally/agreement/pledge’.
GY2008:215,771; AS2007:423;
BK1957:86-7; KJ1970:318-9.
Mnemonic: KNIFE CARVES BIG NOTCHES AS
RECORD OF PLEDGE
The Remaining 1130 Characters 373