480531170

1099
L1
皆
KAI, min(n)a
all, everyone
9 strokes
KAISAIfull payment
KAIMUnone at all
minasamaeveryone
Bronze ; seal . Scholars agree the lower
element is not 69 ‘white’, typically taking it
as ‘say’ (NJK orig showing speech emitted
from mouth)(Katō, Ogawa), though it should
be noted there is some difference in shape between
bronze forms for i] on the one hand
and ii] the element corresponding to in
on the other, so correspondence is best seen
as provisional. Mizukami, alternatively, treats
here not as but as , though here not
‘white’ but as an abbreviated form of a different
graph – possibly 150 nose, self– but with
the meaning ‘open mouth’ rather than nose.
Despite such divergence, scholars agree the
upper element is 792 ‘compare’ (originally,
two people lined up). Combined as , the two
elements have the meaning ‘people line up and
exchange words’ or ‘people line up and all say
something,’later generalized to ‘all’. KJ1970:152;
OT1968:687; MS1995:v2:898-9,v1:628-9;
GY2008:831. For convenience, take as ‘white’.
Mnemonic: EVERYONE LINED UP, ALL IN
WHITE, FOR COMPARISON.
1100
塊
KAI, katamari
lump, clod, mass
L1
13 strokes
KINKAIgold bullion
KEKKAIblood clot
KAIKEItuber
Seal forms , ; late graph (Shuowen). While
both these seal forms are listed in Shuowen, it
is 凷 that is accorded main heading status, with
just noted as another equivalent shape.
凷 consists of 64 ‘earth’, and , which is
originally a pictograph of a container, and this
would give ‘basket for holding earth’, but one
commentator takes here as having a phonetic
role only (Katō). Alternatively, there may
be the possibility that the earth in the basket
was often made up of clods, giving ‘clod(s) of
earth’ as an extended sense. As for , this consists
of , with 1179 (‘demon’) as phonetic
with associated sense taken as i] ‘round, round
and hard’, giving ‘earth which is round (/ and
hard)’ (Tōdō, Katō), or ii] ‘big’, giving ‘big
earth [chunks]’ (Shirakawa). DJ2009:v3:1113;
KJ1970:153-4; TA1965:719; SS1984:93.
Mnemonic: DEVILISH CLOD OF EARTH
1101
楷
KAI
regular / model script
L1
13 strokes
KAISHOregular script
KAIGYŌSŌsquare,
semi-cursive, cursive (script styles)
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 73
‘tree, wood’, and 1099 (‘all, everyone’) as
phonetic with associated sense ‘harmony,
order’ (Shirakawa). Originally referred to
a type of tree, similar to a cypress; a tree
which grew straight, reflected in the fact it
produced wood suited to construction and
the manufacture of wooden artefacts (Gu).
Extended meanings include ‘straight, upright’
(figurative sense), and ‘model, rule’. It is this
sense ‘model’ which was utilized to refer to a
variety of Chinese script, the developmental
stage known in Japanese as kaisho, a
term which is translated into English variously
as ‘model script’, ‘regular script’, ‘block
script’, and which is the basis of modern
script use in the Chinese cultural sphere and
in Japan. For more on kaisho, see Introduction.
SS1984:93; GY2008:1558; OT1968:513;
QX2000:147-8.
Mnemonic: EVERYONE SHOULD USE
REGULAR SCRIPT, STRAIGHT AS A TREE
The Remaining 1130 Characters 331