480531170

1347
L1
拷
GŌ
torture, hit
9 strokes
GŌMONtorture
GŌMONDAIthe rack
GŌKItorture instruments
A very late graph (Yupian). Has 34 ‘hand’,
and 130 (‘consider’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘strike, beat’, giving ‘beat’; acquired
a connotation of beating a person to force
a confession. SS1984:317; AS2007:332,336;
OT1968:412.
Mnemonic: CONSIDER USING HAND FOR
TORTURE
1348
剛
GŌ
strength
L1
10 strokes
GŌKENfortitude
GŌMŌbristle
GŌCHOKUintegrity
OBI ; bronze ; seal . The OBI form has
198 ‘knife’, and 570 (‘net’) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘hard’, giving ‘strong,
hard knife’. Bronze forms vary, but include one
that has the OBI elements just described, plus
an element representing a large ax. The seal
form differs again, having , plus 1068
(‘hill’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘hard’.
In all these cases, ‘hard’ results as the generalized
sense. MS1995:v1:132-3; KJ1970:159-60;
AS2007:250.
Mnemonic: CUTTING DOWN A HILL TAKES
STRENGTH
1349
傲
GŌ, ogoru
proud, haughty
L1
13 strokes
GŌMANpride, arrogance
GŌGANarrogance
GŌZEN tohaughtily
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has CO
‘enjoy oneself’ (originally, ‘emerge vigorously
to a height’; see Note below) as semantic and
phonetic, and 41 ‘person’. Ogawa interprets
as having been added to so as
to denote mainly ‘enjoy oneself at will’ (our
italics). If, though, the interpretation of the
original meaning of as ‘emerge vigorously
to a height’ (Katō) is accepted, the addition
of to create can be taken as ‘person
emerges vigorously above others’, giving ‘act
arrogantly’ as an extended sense. Shirakawa,
alternatively, looks to interpret both and
as having a ritualistic origin. Note: is
taken in one view as consisting of ’shoot
of vegetation’, plus (CO ‘hit and bend’)
as phonetic with associated sense ‘emerge
vigorously to a height’, giving ‘sprouts of
vegetation emerge’ (Katō). Shirakawa offers a
quite different analysis, interpreting as representing
the corpse of a long-haired old person
being ritualistically beaten on a stand.
OT1968:78,440,435; KJ1970:184; SS1984:318;
AS2007:151. We suggest taking components
as 41 ‘person’, 64 ‘ground’, 223 ‘side’,
and 112 ‘strike’.
Mnemonic: HAUGHTY PERSON STRUCK ON
SIDE AND GOES TO GROUND
400 The Remaining 1130 Characters