480531170

1857
L1
1858
L2
伐
BATSU
attack, cut down
6 strokes
BASSAIfelling
SEIBATSUpunishment
SATSUBATSUbrutality
抜
7
BATSU, nukeru/karu
extract, omit,
surpass, mistake
strokes
BATSUGUNpreeminence
nukeanaloophole
tenukariomission
Seal: ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 34
‘hand’, with 犮 (CO, ‘dog leaps up’ [Ogawa],
or ‘dog wags tail’ [Katō]; see Note 1 below)
as phonetic with associated sense taken as i]
‘pull out, extract’ (Ogawa, Tōdō), giving ‘pull
OBI ; seal . OBI form (bronze also)
depicts a person’s head being cut off with a
halberd. This is modified at the seal stage by
making the two elements 41 ‘person’ and
545 ‘halberd’ separate. Overall meaning is
‘attack, cut down’. QX2000:190; KJ1970:779;
MS1995:v1:50-52; MR2007:385-6; OT1968:51.
Mnemonic: PERSON ATTACKED AND CUT
DOWN WITH HALBERD
out by hand’, or ii] ‘emerge’, likewise giving
‘cause to come out by hand’ (Katō; see Note 2
below). It is unclear as to how other meanings
came about. Note 1: traditional form of has
犮 as right-hand element, now regularized in
shape in a way which corresponds to 234
(‘friend’). Note 2: in early Chinese writing, the
causative was often left unmarked, needing
to be inferred from context. Take as ‘friend’.
KJ1970:371; OT1968:404; TA1968:647-51.
Mnemonic: EXTRACT FRIEND BY HAND
AFTER MISTAKE
1859
罰
BATSU, BACHI
punishment
L1
14 strokes
BAKKINa fine
SHOBATSUpunishment
BACHIatari nodamned
Bronze ; seal . Has 198 ‘sword’, with
‘threaten, abuse’ (see Note below), thus ‘threaten
with knife’; by extension, ‘blame, punish’. Note:
has 118 ‘words, speak’, with 570 (
‘net’), taken in one view as abbreviation of
(NJK ‘catch’ [originally, ‘catch in net’]) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘severe’ (Ogawa). Mizukami
and Katō, though, take at face value as ‘net’,
giving ‘’entrap with words’, and hence ‘verbally
criticise, abuse’. MS1995:v2:1034-5,1192-3;
OT1968:122,926; KJ1970:424; AS2007:348.
Mnemonic: NETTED, THEN PUNISHED WITH
WORDS AND SWORD
1860
閥
BATSU
faction, clan, lineage
L1
14 strokes
ZAIBATSUzaibatsu
MONBATSUlineage
BATSUZOKUclan
A late, post-Shuowen graph. Has 231 ‘gate’
(here, by extension, ‘house, family’), with
1857 (‘attack, cut down’ [originally person cut
down by halberd]) as phonetic with associated
sense taken as i] ‘stand out’, giving ‘house/
family that stands out from ordinary people’,
thus ‘fine lineage’ (Katō), or ii] ‘achievements,
distinguished service’, thus ‘house/family of
multi-generational achievements’ (Shirakawa).
KJ1970:779; SS1984:698.
Mnemonic: CLAN MEMBER CUT DOWN AT
GATE BY HALBERD
554 The Remaining 1130 Characters