480531170

1332
貢
KŌ, KU, mitsugu
tribute
L1
10 strokes
KŌKENcontribution
NENGUtax, dues
mitsugimonotribute
Seal . Has 10 ‘shell (currency), valuables’,
and 125 (‘work’/‘tool’) as phonetic with associated
sense typically taken as ‘offer up with
the hands’, giving ‘valuables to offer up to one’s
lord’, i.e. ‘tribute’. An alternative associated sense
given for is ‘pass through and advance’,
giving a specific meaning of ‘send produce
from the regions to the Capital for the Imperial
Court’ (noted by Mizukami). Mizukami also lists
possible OBI and bronze equivalents for .
MS1995:v2:1232-3; KJ1970:406-7; OT1968:953.
Mnemonic: SHELL-MONEY AND WORK ARE
FORMS OF TRIBUTE
1333
L1
控
11
KŌ, hikaeru
refrain, wait, write
down
strokes
hikaeJOwaiting room
KŌSOlegal appeal
hikaegakimemo, note
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 34
‘hand’, and 17 (‘sky’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘pull’, giving ‘pull with the hand’
(e.g. a bow); Ogawa takes associated sense as
‘hang, and bend’, giving a similar overall sense
‘draw back/in’, as in drawing back a bow, and
also drawing or pulling in reins of a horse. By
extension, ‘pull back, refrain’. ‘Wait’ and ‘write
down’ are meanings found in Japanese usage
only. KJ1970:401; OT1968:417; SS1984:305;
GY2008:123.
Mnemonic: REFRAIN, HANDS REACHING FOR
THE SKY
1334
L1
梗
11
KŌ, KYŌ
block, mostly,
close (off/up)
strokes
KŌGAIoutline, summary
KŌSOKUstoppage
KIKYŌbell-flower
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 73 ‘tree,
wood’, and 1323 (‘anew, change’, ‘again’) as
phonetic with associated sense taken either as
i] ‘thorn’ (Ogawa), or ii] ‘make hard’ (Shirakawa),
in either case referring originally to a thorny
tree, specifically ‘mountain elm’. Meanings
such as ‘resist, prevent, block’ and ‘trunk/stem,
branch’ may be seen as extended senses. The
meaning ‘outline, summary’, as in listed
above, is treated by Gu as an extended sense
(in effect, a further extended sense) based
on having ‘trunk and stem’ as meanings.
OT1968:507; SS1984:305-6; GY2008:1200.
Mnemonic: ONCE AGAIN, IT’S MOSTLY
BLOCKED OFF BY A TREE
1335
喉
KŌ, nodo
throat, vital
L1
12 strokes
nodobotokeAdam’s apple
KŌTŌlarynx
INKŌthroat
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 22
‘mouth, opening’, and 1326 (‘marquis’,
q.v.) as phonetic with associated sense taken
by Ogawa as ‘hole, cavity’, giving ‘throat’.
Schuessler regards the etymology of the early
Chinese word represented by as uncertain,
while Shirakawa treats it as ‘probably onomatopoeic’
in nature. ‘Vital/key point’ is an extended
sense. OT1968:189; AS2007:279; GY2008:1424;
SS1984:306-7. We suggest remembering it
through ‘marquis’.
Mnemonic: MARQUIS GETS ARROW
THROUGH MOUTH INTO THE THROAT
396 The Remaining 1130 Characters