480531170

1784
L1
陶
11
TŌ
porcelain, train,
pottery, happy
strokes
TŌKIceramic ware
TŌZENhappily drunk
TŌYA training, education
Seal . Consists of /262 ‘hill, piledup
earth’, with (‘bake earthenware’; see
Note below) as phonetic with associated
sense taken in one view as ‘(pile up) hill/
mountain on top of a hill/mountain’, giving
overall sense ‘piled-up hills’ (Ogawa) or
‘name of double-layered mountain’ (Katō).
Alternatively, is taken with associated
sense ‘spread evenly’, giving overall meaning
for as ‘pound piled-up earth and make
firm’ (Tōdō). Use of in the sense ‘earthenware,
pottery’ appears to be a loan use. It is
unclear as to the acquisition of very minor
meanings, namely ‘educate, train’ (which
may be an extended meaning to train potters)
and ‘happy’. (See example words.) Note:
is comprised of 1141 ‘(earthenware)
pot’, combined with 611 ‘enclose’; the
latter element is taken to be an abbreviation
for i] NJK ‘(lightly) roast’, giving the
overall meaning ‘bake earthenware; earthenware’
(noted in Mizukami), or ii] as meaning
‘spread evenly all across mold’, giving ‘knead
evenly and make earthenware’ (Tōdō).
MS1995:v1:150-51,144-6; OT1968:1070;
KJ1970:667-8; TA1965:179-83. We suggest
taking as ‘pot’, as ‘enclosed’, and as
‘piled up earth’.
Mnemonic: POTS ARE ENCLOSED BY PILED
UP EARTH
1785
塔
TŌ
tower, monument
L2
12 strokes
SEKITŌtombstone
SOTŌBA*stupa
GOJŪTŌ five-storied pagoda
Seal ; a late graph (later version of
Shuowen). This graph appears to have been
devised in the course of the monumental
task of translating the Buddhist canon from
Sanskrit into Chinese. As part of this process,
many Sanskrit Buddhist terms were carried
across into Chinese as loanwords by adapting
them to the sound system of Chinese,
very often also with abbreviation of the
original Sanskrit. In this case, Sanskrit stūpa
(‘Buddhist shrine’) was reduced to just one
syllable and represented by , consisting of
64 ‘earth, ground’, with (CO, original
meaning ‘red beans’) as phonetic to represent
the Chinese approximation of the
Sanskrit syllable tū in stūpa. Note: according
to Katō, these Buddhist shrines were
originally built using stone, tiles, and earth,
which would help explain use of as the
determinative in , but he suggests there
was also a semantic link between and
584 ‘hall, temple’ on the one hand and
1930 ‘mound, burial mound’ on the other. As
is often the case, once loanwords have been
adopted into a language, their meaning can
change; in this case, changing to encompass
a different shape such as a pagoda, and
the use of wood as one of the construction
materials. KJ1970:666-7; SS1984:647,645;
OT1968:221. We suggest taking as 53
‘plant’, and 134 ‘join, put together’, along
with ‘earth’ 64.
Mnemonic: PUT PLANTS AND EARTH
TOGETHER TO MAKE A MONUMENT
532 The Remaining 1130 Characters