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1501
L1
掌
SHŌ, tanagokoro
control, palm (hand)
12 strokes
SHŌCHŪin one’s hand
SHASHŌconductor
SHOKUSHŌhold office, duty
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 34
‘hand’, and 1491 (see ‘furthermore’)
as phonetic with associated sense taken
as i] ‘apply, put against’, thus ‘(that part of)
hand placed onto something’, i.e. ‘palm of
1502
晶
SHŌ
crystal, clear, bright
L1
12 strokes
SUISHŌcrystal, quartz
SHŌKAcrystallization
KESSHŌcrystallization
OBI ; seal . Originally a pictograph.
Some OBI occurrences have three identical
elements similar in shape to 22 ‘mouth’,
while others have three elements similar in
1503
L1
焦
12
SHŌ, kogeru/gasu,
aseru, jireru
scorch,fret,hasty
strokes
SHŌDOscorched earth
SHŌSHINimpatience
kurokogecharring
hand’ (Tōdō, Ogawa), or ii] ‘take hold of with
fingers’, thus ‘take hold of something with
fingers facing down’ (Katō). Based on seal
form, shape of phonetic should have stayed
as in the traditional form, but it seems to
have changed to at quite an early period
(clerical script, then block script). ‘Control’ is
an extended sense (cf English ‘manipulation’).
TA1965:351-2; OT1968:418; KJ1970:430-31;
SK1984:336.
Mnemonic: FURTHERMORE, PALM OF HAND
CONTROLS
shape to 66 ‘sun’, but in all cases each element
is unrelated to ‘sun’ or ‘mouth’, instead
representing what appears as a small star in
the sky, so the original meaning of the graph
is ‘star(s)’; by extension, ‘clear light’, ‘crystal’.
QX2000:223; MR2007:357; GY2008:1418;
KJ1970:596. For convenience we suggest
remembering the graph as ‘three suns’.
Mnemonic: THREE SUNS MAKE IT BRIGHT
AND CRYSTAL CLEAR.
Bronze ; seal . Typically taken as 324
‘short-tailed bird, bird’ over 8 ‘fire’, giving
‘roast bird over fire’, and by extension ‘burn, get
burnt’ (Gu, Ogawa, Tōdō). Katō prefers to treat
here as phonetic with associated sense
‘burn till black’. ‘Fret’ is perhaps an extended
meaning, and ‘hasty’ is a Japanese-only meaning.
GY2008:1459; TA1965:209; OT1968:620;
KJ1970:605; MS1995:v2:816-7.
Mnemonic: BIRD FRETS WHEN HASTILY
SCORCHED OVER FIRE
1504
硝
SHŌ
niter, gunpowder
L1
12 strokes
SHŌSANnitric acid
SHŌYAKUgunpowder
garasu*glass
A late, post-Shuowen graph. Originally used
to mean a mineral encrustation often called
‘saltpeter’, i.e. potassium nitrate, employed
in traditional Chinese medicine for digestion
and as a laxative. Reflecting this, the corresponding
word in Chinese was at first written
using the different graph (but same phonetic)
332 (‘extinguish’). Later, the new graph
was devised, replacing 42 ‘water’ with
The Remaining 1130 Characters 445