480531170

877
L3
骨
KOTSU, hone
bone, frame
10 strokes
KOSSETSUfracture
ROKOTSUbare, frank
honeorudo all one can
878
困
KON, komaru
be in difficulty
L3
7 strokes
KONNANtrouble
KONKUhardship
komattaDamn it!
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Interpretations
differ. One view takes as consisting of 84
‘enclosure’, here signifying ‘house’, and 73
‘wood’, giving ‘securing device for gates’ (to
Seal . Has 冎 607 (‘occipital bone’), and
209 ‘flesh’ (here ‘body’), giving ‘skull’; by
extension, general word for ‘bone’. Mizukami
gives a proposed OBI equivalent. YK1976:190;
MS1995:v2:1474-5; KJ1970:328; OT1968:1132.
Mnemonic: FLESHY BODY BELOW
SHOULDERS, BUT BONY SQUARE HEAD
prevent unauthorized entry) (Katō, Yamada).
Alternatively, seen as ‘tree’ with ‘confining
enclosure’ to restrain growth (Tōdō, Ogawa).
With either view, ‘be in difficulties’ may be regarded
as an extended sense, though perhaps
more convincingly in the latter interpretation.
KJ1970:412-3; YK1976:191; TA1965:712-21;
OT1968:204.
Mnemonic: TREE IN DIFFICULTY – TRAPPED
IN BOX
879
L3
砂
SA, SHA, suna, isago
sand, gravel
9 strokes
SAKINgold dust
JARI*gravel
sunahamasandy beach
Seal () . Note: is a later graph (post-
Shuowen). The older graph has 42 ‘water’,
and 160 ‘a few, a little’, giving ‘tiny stone
particles suspended in water’, i.e. ‘sand’. Later,
47 ‘stone, rock’ was substituted for ‘water’.
MS1995:v2:734-5; KJ1970:415-6; YK1976:193.
Though incorrect, use ‘little’ in the sense of
‘small’.
Mnemonic: SAND COMPRISES LITTLE STONES
880
座
ZA, suwaru
seat, sit, gather
L3
10 strokes
ZASEKIseat
GINZAthe Ginza
ZADANKAIsymposium
A late, post-Shuowen graph comprising earlier
(seal form ), and 127 ‘roof, building’.
itself is made of an upper duplicated element
which depicts two people 41 facing each
other and kneeling, with 64 ‘ground, earth’
as semantic and phonetic, meaning ‘sit on the
ground, sit’ (Katō, Yamada), or ‘a place to sit in a
house’ (Ogawa). Shirakawa attributes religious
significance to here, taking it as ‘earth
deity’. YK1976:194; KJ1970:418; OT1968:329;
SS1984:334.
Mnemonic: TWO PEOPLE SITTING ON THE
GROUND IN A BUILDING
The 181 Sixth Grade Characters 273