480531170

720
L3
師
SHI
teacher, model, army
10 strokes
KYŌSHIteacher
SHIHYŌparagon
SHIDANarmy division
OBI ( ); bronze ; seal . Views vary. Katō
and Yamada take as ‘buttocks’ (see 465).
Gu sees it as a bow ( 107), but this seems
unlikely. Based on shape appears to have
been borrowed for ‘hillock’. Troops were often
stationed on such hillocks, leading by extension
to ‘troops, army’. In bronze, (CO ‘go round’:
see 646) was added as phonetic with associated
sense of ‘hillock’ (Katō), and this new graph
was used initially alongside to mean ‘hillock
where troops are stationed’. Later, for clarity,
came to be used exclusively for ‘army, troops’,
and for ‘hillock’. Yamada regards ‘teacher’ as
a loan usage for , but Schuessler treats it
as a semantic progression from ‘army, troops’
to ‘captain (of an army)’ and then ‘master/
teacher’. KJ1970:469,656-8,450-51; YK1976:222;
GY2008:255; OT1968:25; AS2007:461. Suggest
taking as 799 ‘cloth’ and 1 ‘one/a’.
Mnemonic: MODEL TEACHER HAS A CLOTH
OVER BUTTOCKS
721
L3
資
SHI
capital, assets
13 strokes
SHIHONcapital
SHIRYŌmaterials
SHIKINfunds
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 10 ‘shell/
currency’, and 308 (‘next, follow’) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘possess’ (Katō, Yamada)
or ‘arrange’ (Ogawa, Tōdō), to give ‘possess
currency/assets’. KJ1970:479; YK1976:225;
OT1968:957; TA1965:774.
Mnemonic: NEXT SHELL IS A VALUABLE ASSET
722
飼
SHI, kau
rear animals
L1
13 strokes
SHIIKUrearing, breeding
kainushipet owner
kaiinupet dog
Late, post-Shuowen graph; Shirakawa believes
it dates from Tang Dynasty (618-907
AD) at earliest. The CO graph 飤 (meaning
‘eat’) with 41 ‘person’ on the right instead
of 524 is seen as the predecessor
of , from bronze script onwards. Initially,
it seems, 163 ‘eat’ was used for both ‘eat’
and ‘give to eat, feed’, though these were
two separate words (near-homophones)
in early Chinese. Katō takes 飤 as consisting
of , with ‘person’ as phonetic with
associated sense ‘give’ (thus ‘give to eat’),
though alternatively it may be fair to take
in its semantic function (Tōdō treats in this
way), to give ‘feed a person’, even though Qiu
notes 飤 was used originally for both people
and animals. Later, the graph appeared,
featuring 524 ‘administer, control’ as
semantic and phonetic, to give ‘control feeding’.
SS1984:376; KJ1970:459; AS2007:463;
QX2000:223, 335; TA1965:83; OT1968:1116.
Mnemonic: REARING ANIMALS NEEDS FOOD
AND CONTROL
The 185 Fifth Grade Characters 231