480531170

980
L3
片
HEN, kata
one side, piece
4 strokes
DANPENfragment
katateone hand
katazukerutidy up
981
L3
補
12
HO, oginau
supplement, make
good, stopgap
strokes
HOJOsupport
HOJŪsupplement
HOKYŌreinforcement
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); Has 444 ‘gar -
ment’, and NJK ; scholars dispute orig. meaning
of latter (modern meanings inc ‘begin’). It
is felt that what is now the one shape may
have once represented two separate graphs
of similar but different shape and meaning
(Katō, with some support from Mizukami). One
analysis of (analysis i]) takes the OBI and
bronze forms as signifying ‘use an ax’, which
is the Shuowen interpretation (< originally
‘hand holding ax’; now ‘father’ 216), over ‘use’
(a loan meaning; 235); this is one analysis listed
by Mizukami, though none of the OBI forms he
lists actually support this – rather, they support
982
暮
BO, kureru/rasu
live, sunset, end
L3
14 strokes
BOSHUNlate spring
yūgureevening
kurashikatalifestyle
OBI () ; seal . 809 (q.v.), the original
way of writing , is made up of the sun 66
setting amongst trees or vegetation
53; there may be an associated sense for the
vegetation component (‘cover’), but this is by
no means universally favored (or necessary) as
an interpretation. Later, was borrowed as a
convenient way to write a near-homophone
in early Chinese meaning ‘none, nothing’, and
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Seal form shows
that represents one side of a tree (see
73) split or cut in half vertically, giving literally
‘split tree’, and hence ‘one side’. The split
is probably conceptual, since to achieve this
with ancient tools would have been extremely
difficult. QX2000:204; YK1976:445; OT1968:633;
KJ1970:787.
Mnemonic: ONE SIDE OF A TREE IS SOME PIECE!
the alternative view ii] which Mizukami lists, i.e.
taking the OBI and bronze forms as representing
a shoot of vegetation () in a field or seedbed.
Another credible interpretation – iii] – is offered
by Shirakawa, who takes the early forms of
as showing a sapling with a framework supporting
the lower part (interestingly, the OBI
form Shirakawa lists supports the ‘use an ax’
interpretation). While there is divergence over
the original meaning(s) of , there does appear
to be some agreement over the function of this
element in , i.e. that here serves as phonetic
with associated sense ‘add on, patch’. Later,
the idea of ‘garment’ was lost from , leading
to generalised meanings such as ‘repair’, ‘add
on’. MS1995:v2:870-71,v1:256-8; YK1976:450;
KJ1970:857; OT1968:905; SS1984:777. Suggest
taking right side as ‘use’ 235, and ‘needle’
35, plus point.
Mnemonic: USE NEEDLE POINT TO MAKE
GOOD SOME SUPPLEMENTARY CLOTHES
as a result, to represent the word for ‘evening’
clearly an extra ‘sun’ 66 was added to ,
thereby creating the new graph . Another
meaning is ‘late’, and either this or ‘evening’ no
doubt gave rise to ‘end’ as an extended sense.
The Japanese-only meaning ‘live’ (kurasu) appears
to have evolved through a connection
with the verb kurasu in early Japanese which
meant ‘spend time until darkness when the
sun sets’. QX2000:193,227; OT1968:473,857;
MS1995:v2:1118-9; KJ1970:776; AS2000:393,
519. Suggest taking as variant of ‘big’ 56.
Mnemonic: LIVE TO SEE SUN SET AMONGST
BIG PLANTS AT END OF THE DAY
300 The 181 Sixth Grade Characters