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914 L3 城 JŌ, shiro castle 9 strokes JŌKAmachicastle-town HimejiJŌHimeji Castle shiroatocastle ruins Bronze forms , ; seal . Bronze forms vary, but some already have the structure ‘earth, ground’ 64, with 545 (‘become, make, consist’) as phonetic with associated sense 915 蒸 JŌ, musu/reru steam L3 13 strokes JŌKIsteam JŌRYŪdistillation mushiatsuihumid Late graph (Shuowen). Comprises 53 ‘plants, grass’, with (CO, ‘flames rise up’; see Note below) as semantic and phonetic, meaning ‘burn’, to give ‘hemp stalks’. Hemp stalks were what remained after the hemp fibre was removed, and were used as a fuel; Schuessler says ‘brushwood (as firewood)’. By extension, ‘burn’. Yamada treats ‘steam’ as a loan usage, ‘pile up’, to give a structure built by successively piling up earth, i.e. ‘wall, city wall’ (Katō, Yamada). Mizukami lists several alternative (but similar) interpretations of , i.e. the associated sense as ‘gather together in one place’, giving ‘pile up earth and gather citizenry in one place’, and ‘pound and make firm’, giving ‘place built by pounding earth’; used in Japanese to mean ‘castle’. YK1976:279; KJ1970:595-6; MS1995:v1:270-71. Mnemonic: CASTLE CONSISTS OF EARTH! while Mizukami, in his entry for (the predecessor of ), treats ‘steam’ as an extended sense based on steaming that which is above a fire. Note: comprises 8 ‘fire, flames’, with [originally, ‘help someone up out of a pit’ > ‘help, assist’] as phonetic with associated sense ‘raise up high’, giving ‘flames rise up’. YK1976:281; GY2008:1554; MS1995:v2:798- 9,v1:10-11; AS2007:612. Suggest take as hot plate and 氶 as a combination of ‘water’ 42 and armless baby > , to give ‘armless water-baby’ (!) Mnemonic: GRASS-COVERED ARMLESS WATER-BABY STEAMS ON FIERY HOTPLATE 916 L3 針 SHIN, hari needle, pointer 10 strokes HŌSHINpolicy, line SHINROcourse hariganewire Seal ; late graph (post-Shuowen). Has 16 ‘metal’, and 35 ‘ten’ as semantic and phonetic, meaning ‘needle’ > ‘metal needle’. YK1976:288; OT1968:1036; MS1995:v1:164-5. Mnemonic: TEN METAL NEEDLES POINTING THE WAY 917 L1 仁 JIN, NI benevolent, humanity 4 strokes JIN’AIbenevolence JINSHAa humanitarian NIŌDeva king OBI ; seal . Views vary. Has 41 ‘person’ (Yamada takes as ‘hunchback’, based on certain old forms), with 65 (‘two’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘baggage, load’, thus ‘person with baggage’; Katō takes ‘hunchback’ as extended sense based on ‘person with load’. Mizukami extends range of to encompass ‘carry; be pregnant’, overall meaning ‘be pregnant, carry a load’. Ogawa, by contrast, takes as having associated sense ‘be kind to, love’. Schuessler gives the sense ‘act like a human being’, which he considers a later meaning. YK1976:291-2; MS1995:v1:42-3; KJ1970:39-40; OT1968:43; AS2007:440. Mnemonic: TWO PEOPLE SHOWING HUMANITY The 181 Sixth Grade Characters 283
918 L1 垂 SUI, tareru/rasu suspend, hang 8 strokes SUICHOKUverticality amadareraindrops tarekazaripendant Seal . Has 64 ‘earth, ground’, and
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THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO Japanese Kanj
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Published by Tuttle Publishing, an
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The 80 First-Grade Characters......
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Acknowledgments Thanks are due to O
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writing brush, and then incised. Wr
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1.5 Cursive Script Forms While the
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5) ‘semantic-phonetic compounds
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alternative etymologies for the sam
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集韻 Jiyun (Collected Rhymes; J.
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text in reverse, then the blocks we
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eflects the reality that in this bo
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compound characters, in the form ),
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Limitations of This Book This book
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that the word kuruma ‘vehicle’
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Hiragana and Katakana and Their Sou
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Hiragana Katakana HO from HO from
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The 214 Determinatives (or ‘Radic
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No. English Alternative forms/nickn
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4. However, in a few cases vertical
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Editorial and Typographical Matters
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THE KANJI
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6 L4 音 ON, IN, oto, ne sound 9
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14 休 KYŪ, yasumu rest(ing) L5 6
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23 L5 校 KŌ school, check 10 stro
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33 L5 車 SHA, kuruma vehicle 7
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43 L4 GAKUSEI student ISSH
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51 L5 52 L4 先 SEN, saki prior,
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59 L5 中 4 CHŪ, naka middle, insi
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68 年 NEN, toshi year L5 6 strokes
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76 L5 目 5 MOKU, me, ma eye, look,
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85 遠 EN, tōi distant L4 13 strok
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93 L5 会 KAI, E, au meet 6 stro
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101 L3 丸 3 GAN, maru, marui round
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110 L4 111 L4 京 KYŌ, KEI c
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118 L5 言 GEN, GON, koto, iu wo
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126 L3 公 KŌ, ōyake public, fair
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134 合 GŌ, KATSU, au/waseru Alter
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142 L3 算 SAN reckon, count 14
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150 L4 自 JI, SHI, mizukara sel
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158 春 SHUN, haru of ‘forest’.
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166 L4 親 SHIN, oya, shitashii
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174 L3 雪 SETSU, yuki snow 11 stro
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182 L4 体 TAI, TEI, karada body 7
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190 L4 鳥 CHŌ, tori bird 11 st
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199 冬 TŌ, fuyu winter L4 5 strok
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207 L3 内 NAI, DAI, uchi inside
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215 L3 番 BAN number, guard, tu
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224 L5 北 HOKU, kita north, fle
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233 L4 234 L5 野 YA, no moor
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THE 200 THIRD GRADE CHARACTERS 241
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249 L4 院 IN institute 10 strok
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258 L3 HENKAchange KESHŌmake-u
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267 L3 岸 GAN, kishi bank, shor
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276 L4 去 KYO, KO, saru go, leave,
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285 L3 君 KUN, kimi lord, you, Mr
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294 向 KŌ, muku/keru/kau/kō turn
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303 L4 使 SHI, tsukau use, serv
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311 L3 式 SHIKI ceremony, form 6 s
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319 受 JU, ukeru receive L3 8 stro
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327 L3 宿 SHUKU, yado(ru) lodge, s
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335 L3 勝 SHŌ, katsu, masaru win,
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343 L4 進 SHIN, susumu/meru advanc
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351 L3 息 10 SOKU, iki breath, res
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359 第 DAI grade, order L3 11 stro
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367 丁 CHŌ, TEI block , exact L1
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375 転 TEN, korogeru/garu rotate,
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383 等 TŌ, hitoshii, nado class,
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391 L3 畑 hata, hatake (dry-) f
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400 L3 筆 HITSU, fude writing brus
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408 L4 服 FUKU clothes, yield,
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415 L4 味 MI, aji, ajiwau taste
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423 有 YŪ, U, aru have, exist L4
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430 L3 様 14 YŌ, sama situatio
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437 L3 列 RETSU row, line 6 str
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texts for ‘use, employ, in order
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451 L3 塩 EN, shio salt 13 strokes
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458 L3 改 KAI, aratameru/maru refo
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with minor bureaucrat/official’.
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pleased’ is seen as an extended s
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479 L3 泣 KYŪ, naku weep, cry 8 s
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487 競 KYŌ, KEI, kisou, seru comp
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494 L3 景 KEI, KE scene, view,
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solid’. KJ1970:392; YK1976:167; T
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509 L4 菜 SAI, na vegetable, ra
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516 L3 察 SATSU judge, surmise,
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522 L1 氏 SHI, uji clan, family, m
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529 L3 530 L4 失 SHITSU, ush
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537 L3 笑 SHŌ, warau, emu laugh,
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still acting as phonetic and still
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551 L3 折 SETSU, ori, oru/reru ben
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558 L3 争 SŌ, arasou conflict, vi
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566 L3 帯 TAI , obi, obiru belt
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574 L1 腸 CHŌ, harawata intest
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582 L3 努 DO, tsutomeru endeavor,
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591 L3 敗 HAI, yaburu/reru defe
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599 L3 標 HYŌ , shirushi sign(pos
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found in the clerical script. Mizuk
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614 牧 BOKU, maki OBI ; seal . Has
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621 L3 約 9 YAKU promise, approx.,
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628 L3 良 RYŌ, yoi good 7 stro
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636 L3 歴 REKI history, path 14 st
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THE 185 FIFTH GRADE CHARACTERS 641
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647 L3 易 8 EKI, I, yasui, yasa
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654 L1 恩 ON favor, kindness 10 st
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660 L1 賀 GA congratulations 12 st
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667 L1 668 L3 幹 KAN, miki trun
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674 L1 義 GI righteousness 13 s
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682 L3 禁 KIN forbid, ban 13 st
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690 L3 検 KEN investigate 12 strok
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sense, i.e. ‘test by comparison
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(original Peking Palace woodblock e
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713 L3 罪 ZAI, tsumi crime, sin 13
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720 L3 師 SHI teacher, model, a
Page 234 and 235: 726 L4 質 SHITSU, SHICHI, CHI q
Page 236 and 237: 733 L3 準 JUN level, conform, quas
Page 238 and 239: 741 L3 情 11 JŌ, SEI, nasake feel
Page 240 and 241: 749 製 SEI Seal ; late graph (Shuo
Page 242 and 243: 757 L1 銭 SEN, zeni sen, coin, mon
Page 244 and 245: 764 L3 則 SOKU, nori, nottoru rule
Page 246 and 247: 772 L3 団 DANgodumpling FUTONfu
Page 248 and 249: 780 L1 統 TŌ, suberu supervise, l
Page 250 and 251: 788 破 HA, yaburu/reru Seal ; late
Page 252 and 253: 796 L1 俵 HYŌ, tawara sack, ba
Page 254 and 255: of two vessels (one upright and the
Page 256 and 257: 810 L3 報 HŌ, mukuiru report,
Page 258 and 259: 816 L3 夢 MU, yume dream 13 stroke
Page 260 and 261: 824 L3 留 10 RYŪ, RU, tomaru/meru
Page 262 and 263: 830 映 EI, utsuru/su, haeru reflec
Page 264 and 265: 838 L3 割 KATSU, wari, waru div
Page 266 and 267: 847 L1 貴 KI, tattoi/bu, tōtoi
Page 268 and 269: 854 L1 筋 KINNIKUmuscle sujimi
Page 270 and 271: 862 L3 権 15 KEN, GON right, au
Page 272 and 273: 869 L1 后 6 KŌ, GO, kisaki empres
Page 274 and 275: 877 L3 骨 KOTSU, hone bone, frame
Page 276 and 277: 885 L1 蚕 SAN, kaiko silkworm 1
Page 278 and 279: 893 L1 射 SHA, iru shoot 10 stroke
Page 280 and 281: 900 L1 就 12 SHŪ, JU, tsuku take
Page 282 and 283: 907 L3 処 SHO deal with, place
Page 286 and 287: 922 L1 聖 SEISHObible SEIJIN sa
Page 288 and 289: 930 L1 奏 9 SŌ, kanaderu play ins
Page 290 and 291: 938 存 SON, ZON senses ‘not move
Page 292 and 293: 946 値 CHI, atai, ne price, value
Page 294 and 295: 953 L3 賃 CHIN wages, fee 13 st
Page 296 and 297: 961 L3 乳 NYŪ, chichi, chi bre
Page 298 and 299: 968 L1 肺 HAI lung(s) 9 strokes
Page 300 and 301: 976 L1 奮 FUN, furuu be excited, s
Page 302 and 303: 983 L1 宝 HŌ, takara treasure
Page 304 and 305: 992 L1 模 MO, BO copy, model, m
Page 306 and 307: 1000 L3 卵 RAN, tamago egg, roe
Page 308 and 309: THE REMAINING 1130 CHARACTERS 1007
Page 310 and 311: 1015 依 I, E, yoru OBI ; seal . Ha
Page 312 and 313: 1022 L1 椅 I chair 12 strokes IS
Page 314 and 315: 1030 L1 茨 9 ibara, SHI thatch, br
Page 316 and 317: 1038 唄 uta, BAI song L1 10 stroke
Page 318 and 319: item’ (Ogawa, Katō), or - origin
Page 320 and 321: noted in Mizukami as an extended me
Page 322 and 323: 1059 L1 1060 L2 汚 6 O, kegare/
Page 324 and 325: 1068 岡 oka, KŌ hill, knoll L3 8
Page 326 and 327: 1075 穏 ON, odayaka peace, moderat
Page 328 and 329: 1083 暇 KA, hima, itoma leisure, f
Page 330 and 331: 1091 瓦 GA, kawara, GURAMU tile, g
Page 332 and 333: 1099 L1 皆 KAI, min(n)a all, ev
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1106 L1 劾 8 GAI investigate (a wr
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1114 垣 kaki fence, hedge L1 9 str
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1122 嚇 KAKU, odosu/kasu threaten,
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1129 L1 喝 KATSU shout, scold 11 s
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1137 鎌 kama, REN sickle L1 18 str
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1144 L1 陥 KAN, ochiiru collaps
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connection with 1146, the early mea
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1157 寛 KAN, kutsurogu magnanimous
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1166 L1 NENKANyearbook KANSHŌa
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1173 L1 KICHŪin mourning KIN
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1181 L1 ikuNINhow many people KI
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1188 宜 GI, yoroshii proper, good
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prises (see 611), a determinative
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1203 L1 丘 KYŪ, oka hill, hill
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distinguish carefully from the sim
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1217 狂 KYŌ, kuruu lunatic, mad L
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1225 L1 脅 10 KYŌ, odo(ka)su, obi
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1233 斤 KIN weight, ax L1 4 stroke
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1241 吟 GIN recite, sing L1 7 stro
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1248 串 kushi, KAN pierce, skewer
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1255 薫 KUN, kaoru/ri aroma, fragr
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meaning, and ‘mountain stream’
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1268 L1 慶 KEI, yorokobu joy, rejo
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1274 鯨 GEI, kujira whale L1 19 st
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1282 L2 剣 KEN, tsurugi sword,
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1289 遣 KEN, tsukau, yaru send, us
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visible’ is presumably a loan usa
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1301 L1 虎 KO, tora tiger, drunkar
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1309 顧 KO, kaerimiru look back L1
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OBI , bronze ; seal . The bronze fo
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sociated sense ‘hit, strike’, g
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determinatives (540 in total) there
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1336 L1 慌 KŌ, awateru/tadashii b
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1344 衡 KŌ, kubiki scales, yoke L
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1350 L1 豪 14 GŌSHŪAustralia
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ing the head of an insect, with leg
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1364 L1 懇 17 KON, nengoro na f
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1372 砕 SAI, kudaku/keru break, sm
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1379 L1 塞 13 SAI, SOKU, fusagu ob
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1387 索 SAKU rope, search L1 10 st
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1394 L1 撮 SATSU, toru, tsumamu pl
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1402 L2 伺 7 SHI, ukagau visit, se
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1410 嗣 SHI, tsugu heir, succeed t
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agree that one component is / 42
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(profile) for ‘bed’ with a stro
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1429 L1 赦 SHA forgiveness 11 stro
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Shirakawa, though, takes as claws o
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first appeared [as independent grap
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1447 L1 需 JU need, demand 14 stro
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1454 L1 羞 SHŪ, hajiru be ashamed
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1461 L1 充 JŪ, ateru, mitasu f
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for ‘uncle younger than one’s p
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flecting the use in Shang times of
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1480 L1 庶 11 SHO masses, vario
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age; this complex form was ousted a
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1494 L1 宵 SHŌ, yoi evening 10 st
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1501 L1 掌 SHŌ, tanagokoro con
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1507 L1 奨 SHŌ urge, encourage 13
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part in ancient China, being seen a
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1520 L1 縄 JŌ, nawa rope, cord 15
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1526 拭 SHOKU, nuguu, fuku wipe, s
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1534 L1 芯 7 SHIN core, padding, w
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eading furu ‘shake’, as also th
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1546 L1 審 SHIN judge, investig
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overall meaning ‘enjoy union’,
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1559 L1 帥 SUI commander 9 strokes
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consisting in one view of 1739 ‘
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appears to already provide the mean
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1578 L1 斉 SEI, hitoshii equal, si
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1586 L1 斥 SEKI, shirizokeru re
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1593 籍 SEKI meaning is ‘written
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1599 扇 SEN, ōgi, aogu fan L1 10
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1607 箋 SEN paper, letter L1 14 st
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1613 L1 禅 ZEN Zen, meditation 13
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1620 措 SO place, dispose L1 11 st
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1627 双 SŌ, futapair, both L2 4 s
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1634 L1 曹 SŌ, ZŌ official, c
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1639 L1 葬 SŌ, hōmuru bury 12 st
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comb’. Sense then generalized to
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1653 俗 ZOKU Bronze ; seal . Has 4
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1658 唾 DA, tsuba(ki) Seal ; late
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1665 L1 泰 TAI calm, serene, bi
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1671 L1 戴 TAI, (DAI), itadaku rec
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1678 L2 濯 TAKU wash, rinse 17 str
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ten with a pictograph showing two s
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tograph of a young plant putting ou
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elow); the associated sense of here
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1705 L1 秩 CHITSU order 10 strokes
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1712 L1 鋳 CHŪ, iru cast, found,
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mean ‘monetary change’. Note: w
Page 514 and 515:
tower above; sign’) was added as
Page 516 and 517:
1730 珍 CHIN, mezurashii gives pro
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1736 L1 塚 tsuka, CHŌ mound, tumu
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port such an interpretation, though
Page 522 and 523:
1748 訂 TEI correct, revise L1 9 s
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1756 摘 TEKI, tsumu/mamu pluck, ex
Page 526 and 527:
iguous in writing through addition
Page 528 and 529:
1768 L1 妬 TO, netamu/mi/mashii be
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1775 到 TŌ, itaru Bronze ; seal .
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phonetic, with associated sense ‘
Page 534 and 535:
1786 L1 搭 TŌ load, board 12 stro
Page 536 and 537:
1792 謄 TŌ copy L1 17 strokes T
Page 538 and 539:
1798 L1 瞳 DŌ, hitomi pupil (of e
Page 540 and 541:
cave’, and as phonetic with asso
Page 542 and 543:
How, though, did the graph come to
Page 544 and 545:
as depicting one person leaning aga
Page 546 and 547:
1826 L1 寧 NEI, mushiro peace,
Page 548 and 549:
1833 婆 BA, baba Seal ( ) . The se
Page 550 and 551:
ing things, thus ‘grow, cultivate
Page 552 and 553:
1847 L1 剥 HAKU, hagu/gasu peel, s
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form, which has firewood projecting
Page 556 and 557:
1861 L1 氾 5 HAN flood, deluge, ov
Page 558 and 559:
1868 販 HAN sell, trade L2 11 stro
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1874 L1 繁 HAN, shigeru profuse
Page 562 and 563:
1879 L2 彼 HI, kare, kano, ano
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1886 L1 罷 HI, makaru cease, leave
Page 566 and 567:
1892 L1 肘 hiji elbow 7 strokes
Page 568 and 569:
1898 L1 描 BYŌ, egaku depict, dra
Page 570 and 571:
and flattish’; overall meaning is
Page 572 and 573:
later represented by changing deter
Page 574 and 575:
at clerical script stage. Note: 尃
Page 576 and 577:
kami notes a different view that se
Page 578 and 579:
1929 L1 噴 FUN, fuku emit, spout,
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taken as ‘avoid’, thus ‘hangi
Page 582 and 583:
1942 癖 HEKI, kuse habit, kink L1
Page 584 and 585:
out metal fitting’ (on a gate/doo
Page 586 and 587:
1956 泡 HŌ, awa Seal ; a late gra
Page 588 and 589:
graph has the same structure but is
Page 590 and 591:
(both interpretations are listed in
Page 592 and 593:
added to indicate meaning of ‘sid
Page 594 and 595:
1985 L1 僕 BOKU, shimobe manser
Page 596 and 597:
1991 L1 奔 HON run, bustle 8 st
Page 598 and 599:
1997 磨 MA, migaku polish, scour,
Page 600 and 601:
2003 又 mata again L1 2 strokes
Page 602 and 603:
strange’. An alternative analysis
Page 604 and 605:
not done also). The original meanin
Page 606 and 607:
2022 盲 MŌ, mekura blind L1 8 str
Page 608 and 609:
ut ‘fire’. This commentator (Gu
Page 610 and 611:
2034 L1 愉 YU joy, pleasure 12 str
Page 612 and 613:
2040 湧 YŪ, waku , for which ther
Page 614 and 615:
2046 L1 融 YŪ, tokeru dissolve, m
Page 616 and 617:
ment in bronze stage equivalents of
Page 618 and 619:
ing it a distinct possibility that
Page 620 and 621:
2063 拉 RA, RATSU, hishigu/ Seal ;
Page 622 and 623:
2069 L1 2070 L1 酪 13 RAKU d
Page 624 and 625:
2076 L1 履 RI, haku footwear, walk
Page 626 and 627:
2081 L1 竜 RYŪ, tatsu dragon 1
Page 628 and 629:
suggesting orderly construction rat
Page 630 and 631:
Mizukami). Sense modified (dependin
Page 632 and 633:
2098 L1 倫 RIN principles, ethi
Page 634 and 635:
2104 励 RUI, hagemu/masu later var
Page 636 and 637:
2109 隷 REI the seal script, came
Page 638 and 639:
2114 L1 烈 RETSU fierce, intens
Page 640 and 641:
2121 賂 RO, mainai Seal ; late gra
Page 642 and 643:
phonetic with associated sense ‘s
Page 644:
2135 L2 湾 WAN bay, gulf 12 stroke
Page 647 and 648:
Readings Index A A 1007 abareru 8
Page 649 and 650:
BŌ 814 BŌ 985 BŌ 986 BŌ 987
Page 651 and 652:
EI 449 EI 450 EI 644 EI 645 EI
Page 653 and 654:
GO 1311 GO 1312 GO 1313 GO 1314
Page 655 and 656:
HI 1878 HI 1879 HI 1880 HI 1881
Page 657 and 658:
isago 879 isago 1366 isamashii 6
Page 659 and 660:
KAI 1102 KAI 1103 KAI 1104 KAI
Page 661 and 662:
KEN 20 KEN 100 KEN 290 KEN 291
Page 663 and 664:
KŌ 1342 KŌ 1343 KŌ 1344 KŌ
Page 665 and 666:
KYŪ 1203 KYŪ 1204 KYŪ 1205 KY
Page 667 and 668:
mukuiru 810 mukuro 1113 muna- 85
Page 669 and 670:
odokasu 1225 oeru 322 odoroku 12
Page 671 and 672:
RYŪ 824 RYŪ 2080 RYŪ 2081 RY
Page 673 and 674:
SEN 1608 SEN 1609 SEN 1610 SEN
Page 675 and 676:
SHŌ 912 SHŌ 913 SHŌ 933 SHŌ
Page 677 and 678:
SUI 1685 suji 854 suki 503 suki
Page 679 and 680:
TO 1767 TO 1768 TO 1769 TO 1770
Page 681 and 682:
UN 251 unagasu 1651 unaji 1339 u
Page 683 and 684:
yudaneru 245 yue 694 YUI 827 YUI
Page 685 and 686:
1806 1821 1893 1967 2030 5 stro
Page 687 and 688:
1095 1142 1167 1172 1173 1199
Page 689 and 690:
361 366 370 377 391 392 398
Page 691 and 692:
1581 1588 1589 1599 1600 1619
Page 693 and 694:
385 397 400 424 428 429 431
Page 695 and 696:
1613 1624 1640 1654 1670 1672
Page 697 and 698:
1104 1105 1113 1121 1161 1162
Page 700 and 701:
APPENDIX & BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 702 and 703:
In this book the general trend in i
Page 704 and 705:
KZ2001 Zhang Yushu et al., Kangxi z
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