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591
L3
敗
HAI, yaburu/reru
defeat
11 strokes
HAISENlostbattle
HAISŌrout,flight
HAIBOKUdefeat
OBI form ; seal form . Has () 112 ‘strike,
beat’, and 10 ‘(shell/money’), as phonetic
with associated sense ‘destroy/be destroyed’,
and hence ‘be defeated’. MS1995:v1:578-9;
KJ1970:755-6; YK1976:411.
Mnemonic: SHELL ‘DEFEATED’ BY STRIKING
HAND
592
L1
梅
BAI, ume
plum
10 strokes
BAIKAplumblossom
umeSHUplum wine
BAIU/tsuyu*rainy season
Bronze ; seal . Has 73 ‘tree, wood’, and
225 (originally ‘mother wearing hairpins’
or ‘abundant young vegetation’, now means
‘every’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘be
593
L1
博
12
HAKU, BAKU
extensive, spread,
gain, gamble
strokes
HAKASE*Dr (academic)
BAKUTOgambler
HAKUBUTSUKANmuseum
Bronze ; seal . Left part is 35 ‘ten’ in a
loan usage meaning ‘pick up, collect’ (in early
Chinese 321 (qv) and were near-homo-
pregnant/give birth’. The connection with childbirth
derives from the sour fruit of the plum
having been used as an effective antidote to
morning-sickness. Ume is officially classified as
a native Japanese word, but is in all likelihood
an early Chinese loan into Japanese, i.e. an SJ
word (also in this category is 210 uma ‘horse’).
MS1995:v1:670-71; TA1965:166-8; OT1968:506.
Mnemonic: EVERY TREE SHOULD BE A PLUM
TREE
phones), and 尃 (CO, ‘spread out’) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘big’, thus ‘collect/bring
together/pick up on a large scale’. ‘Extensive’ is a
generalised sense; ‘gain; gamble’ are extended
senses. Distinguish 尃 from 925 ‘exclusive’.
MS1995:v1:170-72; YK1976:413; AS2007:462-3;
TA1965:796-9; KJ1970:772. Suggest taking 尃
as ‘exclusive’ with extra point (at top right).
Mnemonic: GAIN TEN EXCLUSIVE POINTS BY
EXTENSIVE GAMBLING
594
飯
HAN, meshi
cooked rice, food
L4
12 strokes
GOHANrice, food
hirumeshilunch
Iida*a surname
Bronze ; seal . Has 163 ‘food’, and
393 (‘oppose’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘eat’ (Katō, Yamada) or ‘divide up’ (Mizukami),
giving sense ‘eat’, and by extension
what is eaten. Initially ‘cooked rice or millet’
(Schuessler), then cooked rice (as staple
food) or food in general. MS1995: v2:1456-7;
KJ1970:786; YK1976:419; AS2007:230.
Mnemonic: OPPOSED TO EATING COOKED
RICE?
The 200 Fourth Grade Characters 195