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Salzburg.] GERMANY. 315
Lords. The nobility here were formerly very numerous, but the policy of
the Princes let too many fprings at work for the oppreffing and extirpating of
them, fo that not fo much as one at prefent remains, and their eftates are
now in the hands of the church. With refpeft to the few nobles at court
or belonging to the cathedral, they are to a man all foreigners, efpcciallv
Außrians, Bohemians., and feme out of Bavaria. The nobility therefore
being thus become extinft the prelates and commons form the States of
the country, the former of thefe are the bifliop of Chicmjee, the prior of the
cathedral, the abbot of St. Peter at Salzburg, the prior of BerchtoIj\a~
der., the abbot of St. Michael in Bavaria, the prior of Haghoerth, and the
abbcfs of Numiberg; the latter are compofed of the cities and twenty- two
market towns.
§. 5. Though in this archbithopric the T^iw^w-catholic dodlrines and worHiip
alone are tolerated, yet at the time of the Reformation L/^z/vr^«//;;; was embraced
by great numbers, whom archbifliop Matthfw Langim flrove to harrafs
and extirpate by oppreffions and violence. But archbifhop 'John "James
proceeded more mildly, and in order to reconcile all tempers obtiined the
Pope'slicence to adminifter theSacramcnt in both kinds. Archbiihopr/c//^^;??-
Theodorick oi Raittenau in the year i 588 drove great numbers of his Lutheran
fubjefts out of the country, and his fuccefibr Marcus Sittich Count of Hohenetiibs
negleä:ed neither fair means nor menaces and violence, particularly
by the quartering of troopers on them, to bring all his fubjedts ao-ain
to the church oi Rome, infomuch that it was fuppofed the whole countrv
was become i?ö;;M;7-catholic. But fucceeding times convinced them of this
miflake, great numbers openly profelling Lutberauifm. On this archbilhcp
Maximilian Gandolph left them no other alternative than either to fly their
country or abjure their faith. But the moft violent flame of perfecution
here blazed out under archbifliop Leopold Antony Ekutherius Baron of Firmian,
whofe ardour for fupprelfing Lutheranijm in his province was fo {jreat
that the opprefTed party applied for redrcfs to the States of that reli'^ion in
the Diet, who prevailed fo far that in the year 1732 pertniffion was granted
to the Lutheran Salzburgers quietly to withdraw, together with their effeds;
And accordingly above 30,000 perfons embraced this indulgence, difperlin«-
themfelves in the other Proteflant countries of Gertnany, Prußia, and even
in the Engliß^ colonies in America. In all which fevcral places they were
received with that benevolence and encouragement which their magnanimity
deferved ; and ever fmce that time thele emigrations have ftill continued.
The foundations for the advancement of literature in this country
are to be found in the article of the capital.
§. 6. Exclufive of the above (§. 3.) manufaclures in metal, a coaife fort
of cloth and linen are alfo made here ; and thefe in conjundlon with its
.ftfore-mentioned produds conftitute its
foreign trade.
S f 2 §.7. The