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GERMANY.
[Salzburg.
for marching. The number of peafants here who never fail to hit a
mark of a handbreadth are computed at 25,000.
§. 15. In this archbidiopric are the following places, viz.
Salzburg, in Latin Salisbitrgum, anciently Jiwavia, the capital of the
.irchbiflioprtc, and the refidence of the archbilliop, being environed by three
mountains named the Imbtrg, the Schhfzberg, and the Mwichbei-g, but on
one fide open to a large plain through the midfl of which runs the Salza
or Salzacb, both divifions of the city being joined by a bridge. Salzburg
is computed to be 5000 geometrical paces in circuit, being well fortified,
and th.U part of the city which lies to the right of the river furrounded
with eight baftions, that on the left fide with three. The mountain-caftle
here which ftands in the former is very flrong, not only on account of its
lofty fituation, but hkevvife of its works ; and in it is the principal arfenal.
This fortrcfs is open only once a year, at which time it may be feen, and
the garrlfon in it is never changed. It is alfo conftandy furniflied for a
whole year with the necelTary provillons, namely with grain, fmoaked beef,
and marrow-bones for the making of broth as occafion requires. The ftreets
in the city are narrow, and paved in the old fafhion, but in other refpedts it
is a well built place. The archbiHiop's palace in it is a large, (lately and commodious
building. Before it is a very beautiful fountain, and oppofite to it
ftands another noble palace called the Neuebau, in which the Diet of the country
is held, as alfo the meetings of all the feveral colleges} and here likewife
is the archbifliop's library. The Prince's fummer-palace called Mirabella
is alfo a grand flrudure, and contains in it a fine chapel with a very
delightful garden. The bifhop's palace of Chiemfee, the chapter-houfe,
and the apartments for the cannons, together with the palace of Counts of
Lodron and Kicnburg are all very elegant buildings. The amphitheatre here
cut out of a rock, and which is two hundred and twenty feet in length,
ftanding in the well part of the city, with the ftables on the fide of the
Monchberg, are likewife deferving particular notice. The cathedral of St.
Rupert, confecrated in 1628, is built of free-flone and marble; in it are
live organs, with a number of embellifhments, and it has alfo a very grand
treafury. The church of St. Peter is the oldefl in the city, and near it
flands a monafiery of BcnediBine Monks, in which is a fine library. The
univeifity church here, which was confecrated in the year 1707, is alfo a
noble building ; as is likewife the church in the archbifhop's feminary or the
Collegium Valerianum which is a nurfery of ecclefiaftics, together with twentyfeven
other churches, feven of which ftand clofe by the convents ; not to
mention the large hofpital of St. 'John, together with four others, and
witjicut dwelling upon the collegium clericorum on the Capuchin mountain
before the Steinthor. The univerfny of Salzburg was firfl founded by archbilliop
Paris in the year 1620. In 1623 it was completed and given to
«rbe Benediclines, and in 1625 a bull was alfo obtained for it. In the colleges