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Brandenburg.] GERMANY. 627
rams to be imported from Spain and England. The culture likewife of
filk is carried on herewith good fuccefs and is continually increaUn»-. The
principal minerals in the Mark are a good clay and fine porcelain earth, as
alfo all manner of colour-earths, together with alum near Freienivalcle, faltpetre
and amber, which are tound in diftcrenc places ; and iron-ftone. Not
far from Freienivalde lies the principal medicinal-fpring in it. Of the capital
rivers of Germany two run through the Mark, namely, the Elbe and
the Oder. The Elbe forms the eaftern limits of the Oid-Mark, and thufe
of the weftern the Prigniiz, between both which countries it pafies, after
having quitted the dutchy of Magdeburg. Below Havelberg, and likewife
over againfl Werben, it receives into it the Havel, which riles in the feigniory
of iS/rtrg-ör^ near the village oi Klatzeburg, and below Spandau the
Spree, as it comes from Lufatia ; DoJJe which rifes between Meienburg ^d
Pribor, not far from the village o^ Majfau in the dutchy of Mecklenburg, and
other fmall rivers. The Oder comes out of Sileßa, runs through the ISieumark,
receives into it the IFarie&i it comes out oi Poland, into which, not
far from Zantok, the Netze, which alfo iffues out of Poland, pours itfelf
and into this laft the Drage, which arifes in the Neumark. It likewife feparates
the Neumark from the Middle and Ucker-Mark, and then enters into Po~
vh'rania, where are alfo formed many ufeful canals. Thatof P/rf«f«fliortens
the water-paflage between Berlin and Magdeburg by about one half, and
was carried on, by order of King Frederick II. till finiflied ; that is to fay,
from June i, 1743, to June 5, 1745, under the diredtion of the engineer
Mahijlre. It begins near Parei on the Elbe, interfeds the Ihle and the
Stremme, having three fluices on it which check the fall of the water out
of the Elbe into the Havel, which is twenty-one feet in height, and promote
its paffage ; after which it paffes on by Plauen into the Havel.
This canal is 8655 perches, or four German miles and a quarter, in
length, being beneath generally twenty-two j above, that is to fay, at the
furfaceof the water, twenty-fix, and in fome places between forty and fi.''ty,
feet broad, with bridges laid over it at nine dilierent places. The Spree and
Oöt'r are joined by means of a new canal which was ordered to be cut by
the Eleftor Frederick William, and completed between the years 1662 and
1668. This canal ilTues cut of the Spree into the lake near Midrofe in
the Middle-Mark, and from thence runs pardy along the Schlubbe, partly
through it and into the Oder, being three Gerfjuin miles in length, five
Rheifdand perches broad and fix feet deep. The Havel and Oder are joined
immediately by the canal of Fi?ioiv. This canal begins at Liebenwalde in
the Havel, pafles on into the river Fino, or Finow, and below Lower-Fmo
runs into the Oder. King Frederick II. cauled it to be completed between
the years 1743 and 1746, and on it are thirteen fluices. The OiTtr-canal
runs out of the Oder from the village of Gujlebieje to the prefedurate of
Neiienhagen, falling again near Wuizo, or about one Gennan mile below
4 L 2 Oderberg