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GERMANY. [Middle-Mark.
gold and filver manufaaure, belonging; to the great orphan-houfe at Potf-
%im. On the Wilbehiis market ilands the grand palace of the order of
St. John, in which alfo the mafter refides. The Lime-ßreet is finely paved,
and planted with a double row of limes. In thefe flreets ftands the magnificent
college to which in 1735 were removed the tribunal, the chamber-
The Jerufalem church, and the new church (which is
court and confiftory.
likewife called the Market and Fredericks church) together with that of
the Hoh 'Trinity,
are occupied and ufed in common by the Lutherans and
Cahinißs. The fchools founded at the church of the Trinity by the fupreme
confiftorial counfellor John Julius Hecker, and which confift of
a German, a Latin and a real-fchool, are all grand and eminent,
Thofe Bohemians of the Proteftant Lutheran religion, who in 1720 emigrated
out of their own country, and at firft fettled themfelves at Great-
Hennerfdorf in Upper-Lufatia, but after the year 1732 came here, are
poffefled of a church of their own called Bethlehem, and in this church not
only the Bohemian but German alfo is preached. A part of thefe Bohemians
too are come over to the Calviniß church, and have procured a preacher
of their own. In this part likewife ftands a French church.
Without the walls by which the Friderichjladt is environed, and about
a quarter of a German mile from the town towards the village of Schonberg,
on the road to Potjdam, lies the hop, or phyfical-garden, which belongs to
the royal academy of fciences.
The fpeedy and great encreafe which this met-opoHs has experienced
under the government of the Eledor Frederick William is aftonifhing. Before
the year 1645 in Berlin and Coin (of both which towns only this capital
at that time confifted) were but 1236 houfes. In 1662 the Frid.richfwerder
was begun to be built. In 168 1 and 1683 orders were iflued for
building New-Coin. In 1674 letters of freedom were granted for the erection
of the Dorotbeenßadt, and in 1691 permiflion likewife given for building
the Friderichßadt. The fuburbs before the Köpenick, the Spandau, the
King's, and the Stralau gates were about the fame time built by degrees.
In 1747 there were reckoned in the five refidentiary towns here and their
fubuibs 5513 houfes, and in 1755, as has been already obferved above,
5826. Till 1690 there were about 14,000 perfons in Berlin, but in 1747 its
inhabitants were computed at 106,969, and in 1755 ^^ 126,661, including
the garrifon. This great encreafe received its rife with the arrival here of
the Cciljlinili French, who have alfo brought manufaßures and trade into
great credit. In 1755 there were in this city no lefs than 443 fiik looms
one hundred and forty-nine of half-filks, two thoufand eight hundred and
fifty-eight of woollen-ftuffs, four hundred and fifty-three of cotton, two hundred
and forty-eight of linen, four hundred and fifty-four of lace-work,
thirty-nine for filk and three hundred and ten for the manufadiure of
wooUen (lockings. The academy eftablifhed here for the improvement of
arts