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24 GERMANY, [Bavaria.
upper palatinate are thirteen boroughs, and twenty-eight market-towns.
The computation of vaßals in the eledtorate which eftimates them at four
millions, and thofe in Bavaria alone at near 3,400,000 exceeds the truth
For by vafliils are to be underflood heads or fathers of families, with their
wives, children, and fervants, or as fome even fay, hearths ; whence confequently
reckoning fix perfons to each hearth the eled:orate of Bavaria
mufl contain in it twenty-four millions of inhabitants, a number not to be
fuppofed. And even were the above calculation only meant of fmgle perfons,
yet it ftill greatly exceeds the truth.
The Landjiandc, or States of Bavaria confift of three clafles ; namely
of the prelates, the knights and nobility, to which alfo belong the Counts
and Lords, and the burghers of the feveral boroughs and market-towns.
The Iandtage, or Provincial-Diets are very rare here; but a committee, or
eledion of the States, aifemble annually at Munich, or as often as the ftate
of affairs requires. In the upper palatinate, ever fince its devolution to the
Eleftor oi Bavaria in the year 1628, all Diets have been difcontinued, or
rather the whole political conftitution is aboliilied.
§. 5. In Bavaria no other religious dodrine and exercife than the Romancatholic
is tolerated : and thus a timely check was put to the difturbances
which began to arife there in the fixteenth century on account of the Reformation
; and thofe not without the countenance ot divers of the States of
the province.
The Lutheran and Calvinijl dodrines had indeed obtained a
fuperiority in the upper palatinate, but that country lalling into the hands
of the Eledor of Bavaria, the Roman-czi\\o\\c dcfirine was reftored by
force ;
great numbers however o^ Lu'hcram ftill remained. The collegiate
foundations, the abbeys, prioriesj and other convents here, together with
the commenderies, archdeaconries, deaneries, or rural chapters, as alfo the
pariflies and chapels in this eledorate are diftributed among the archbiihopric
of Salzburg and the blfhorics of Eichßatty Augsburg, Bamberg,
Freyfing, Paffiiu, and Ratiibon. The pariflies in the eledtorate are about
1500. The vicarages, chapels of eafe, and other chapels near 2000.
And the number of churches in it is faid to amount to 28709. Thefe
churches are fubjedt to feventy-one rural deans. The remarkable convents
are eighty-fix in number, and the collegiate foundations twelve.
§. 6. Solid knowledge and good literature muft be owned to the honour
of this eledorate, to be on a better footing, and to recei'e more countenance
here now than ever. The BenediBines in particular diftinguifli
themfelves by their promotion of both.
Ingolliadt boafts an univerfity.
§. 7. Manufaöures are alfo increafed and improved here ; witnefs ^hofe
of coarfe cloth, woollen-ftuffs and ftockings, filk-ftuffs, velvets, tapellry,
very good clocks, watches, and other neceflaries : Though its chief
exports confift of cattle, grain, wood, fait, and iron.
§. 8. The