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Middle-Mark.] GERMANY. 657
Matthias of Ingau the Proteftant dodrine and worHiip were introduced into
the chapter. After his death Duke Joachim o^ Miinficrberg was elected hifliop
in the year i 546, and he dying the eledoral Prince John George took
upon him the adminiftration of the billiopric, which, on his entering upon
the eledoral dignity in 1571, was laft of all afll.imed by the eledoral
Prince Joachim Frederick. The chapter, however, has been kept up, and
confifts ever fince the year 1568 of feven perfons, who are the provoff,
the dean, the fenior, the fub-fenior, and three other canons. King Frederick
II. in 1755 conferred upon it a peculiar diftinöion and chapter-crofs
of gold enamelled with violet, and terminating in eight points. The chapter
is poffefl'ed befides of the great and fmall Domkiet-z near the town, as alfo
of the villages of Barneivitz, Bnckau, Butzau, Damftie, GrauingcH, Muzelitz,
Garlitz, Marzahn, Tref?2mc?2, Zacho, Sctmerzke and Saringen ; together
with the manors of Sehletifdorf, Kick, Feldmark, Gapel, Mutzau,
Miiggenburg and Grabau.
Near the old town is a lake, the length of which is eftimated at two
Gerfnan miles.
2. Potjdam, an immediate town feated on an ifland formed by the Havel
and fome neighbouring lakes, and being about four German miles in circuit.
It appears from records that Potjdam was in being fo early as the
eighth century. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries it was but a
mean place, and belonged to the family of Rochaii, who ceded it in 1416
to the eledloral houfe. The Eledlor Frederick William made it his pleafurefeat,
and in 1662 built the caftle here, which was afterwards enlarged by
King Frederick I. and adorned with a fine portal. King Frederick William
began to make fome very coftly additions to the town ; for which purpofe he
caufed feveral moraffes to be filled up and built upon, and a canal of fifty
paces wide and 2000 in length to be carried on out of the Havel through
the center of the town to a branch again of the fame river. This canal is
planted on both fides with trees, and environed with well built houfes.
The town itfelf is divided into the old and new, and the Friederichßadf, to
which alfo belongs the Bodengraft. King Frederick II. has raifed the caille
one ftory, enlarged it with two wings, and adorned it with magnificent
apartments. The old houfes in the neighbourhood of the caftle arc pulled
down, and inftead of them new, regular, and grand buildings have been
raifed for the owners at the King's expence. Before the caftle is a large
place or fquare adorned with Roman columns, in which the foldiers that lie
here in garrifon are daily exercifed. The pleafure-garden adjoining to the
caftle is beautifully adorned with hedges, water-works, gildings and ftatues.
In the market-place is ereded a pyramidal obelillc of four fides,
which are compofed of variegated Silefuin marble, and is feventy-five 'io.^l
in height. On each fide ftands a marble buft of the Kings from Frederick I.
to Frederick II. The pedeftal of it is of white Italian marble, and at each
Vol. V. 4 P corner