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o 26 GERMANY. [Bavaria.
The Emperor Otto the Great made a donation of the dutchy of Bavaria
to his brother Henry. King Hemy IV". took this dutchy from Otto II, Duke of
Bavaria, who had plotted againfl: his life, and in the year 1071 gave it to
his fon-in-law JVelfho, whofe father Jzo was a powerful Prince, being fovereign
of Mila^i, Genoa, and many other countries in Lombardy, all which
devolved by inheritance to this Duke Welpho and his defcendants. From
him was defcended Duke 7i/i?7zr)' the Haughty, «vho in the years 1126 or
1 1 27 alfo acquired the dutchy of 5^Aw;y, but in 1138 loft both that and
the dutchy o^ Bavaria, on account of his oppofing the elediion of King Conrad
III. His fon Henry the Lion was indeed reftored to the poffeflion of
both thefe dutchies, but the Emperor Frederick I. likewife put him under
the ban in the year 1 180, infomuch that he retained only the countries of
Liinehurg, Brunfwick and Nordheim, which came to him by inheritance
from his mother. On the contrary the Imperial fiefs which he held were
beftowed on others. The dutchy of Bavaria, from which at that time
TjTo/ was feparate (fee vol. iv. p. 229.) fell to Otho the Elder, Pfalzgrave
of Wittehbach, whofe anceftors, fons to Duke Arnulph, had been uniuftly
driven out and excluded for above two hundred years. His fon Duke
Lewis was alfo declared by the Emperor Frederick II. Pfalzgrave of the
Rhine, and this palatinate his fon Otto was aäually poffeiled of (fee
vol. iv.) His fons Leiois the Severe, and Henry, in the year 1253, dividing
their paternal eftates amongft them, the former obtaining the palatinate
o^ the Rhine with Upper-Bavaria, and the latter all the other countries.
The fons of Leuns the Severe, namely Rudolp, and Lewis the lounger, dividino-
their patrimony a fecond time, the former of thefe became the
founder of the prefent eleftoral-houfe of the palatinate, and the latter of
that of Bavaria. The laft-mentioned Lewis, Duke of Upper-Bavaria became
likewife Emperor, and in 1329 entered into a compact with the fons
of his deceafed brother, formally ceding to them the palatinate of the Rhi7ie.,
together with the upper palatinate, as it was at that time firft called. In
the year 1340 Lower-Bavaria devolved to him on the failure of the line
which poffeffed it. In 1392 the three fons of his fon Stephen divided it
amongft themfelves, founding three lines, namely thofe of /«^o^/ö^/, Lajid-
Jha imd Munich ; the firft of which became extinä: in the year 1447, ^nd
the fecond in 1503, but the third ftill exifts. Divers fubfequent divifions
of this country were made, but ever fince the year 1545 not only all kinds of
divifions, but likewife all joint-governments have been difcontinued. In the
year 1623 Duke Maximilian I. obtained for his houfe the eledoral dignity,
and in 1628 alfo the upper palatinate, both which were confirmed to him
at the peace oi Weßphalia. In 1706 his grandfon Maximilian II. was put
under the ban of the Empire, but in 1714 was reftored to the entire poffefion
of his country. In 1742 his fon the Eledor Charles Albert was chofen
Emperor, but met with little fuccefs in his war with Außria. On that
account