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Middle-Mark.] GERMANY. 663
or turning off of the water, which was anciently called Bar and Berlin,
came to be named to dem Berlin, or limply Berlin, and loon after was
pitched upon for the marggraval relidence, and endowed likewffe with
many and very important privileges, among which in particiiLir was that
of coining. It was deprived of its coni"l:itution which nearly approached to
that of a republic by the Eleftor Frederick I. on account ot its commotion»
and rebellions. In this town are thirty-nine ftreets. In the fine King's
ftreet here is (ctn the council-houfe, at which the town-council of the
five feveral refidentiary-towns alfemble, as alfo the governor's houfc. The
hofpital and church of the Holy Gbo/l here are old buildings. In the ftieet
which has its name therefrom is the Joachimßhal gytntiafium of the Calvinijis,
which takes its name from the town of 'Joacbimjitbal, in which it was
founded by the Eleftor j^bö^ZvOT Frederick, and confecrated in 1607, but
removed hither in 1685. To it belongs the prefeiflurate oi Dambeck in
the Old-Mark, together with thole of Seehanfen, Blankenbiirg, Joachimßhal,
and Neuendorf in the Uckermark, and other eftates. In this gymnafiiim alio
a Seminarium theologicum has been founded. In the Spandau ftreet here
lies the magnificent garrifon-church, which was dedicated in 1722. At
the Lutheran parifh-church of St. Nicolas is a provoftlliip. In the great
provincial houfe at certain times the province of the Mark of Brandenburg
affembles yearly, and the pr()vincial treafurer refides conftantly therein. In
the Heydereuter ftreet is the fynagogue of the ye-n's. The new market is
the largert and moft regular in all Berlin. In it ilands the Lutheran parilhchurch
of St. Mary. At the corner of the Rofe-flreet lies the new Mainguard.
In the Cloyfter-ßrect is the Calviniji parifh-church, which was dedicated
in 1703, together with the new French church, confecrated in 1726,
and the Kornmejfer or Cahiniß orphan-houfe. The royal magazine hard- by
was anciently the eledoral burg or fort. In it is kept a great quantity of
rough Mark wool, which is divided among poor manufaöurers ; but on
the other hand the fluffs made from it are delivered in there again, afrer
which they are died and difpofed of to the merchants. The minifler of
ftate, wimc\y, yohn Andrew Kraut, firft projeäied this foundation, and in 1723
the whole arrangement was refigned to the great orphan-houfe at Potßlam.
The Lutheran gymnaßum at Berlin lies in what was formerly a Francifcan
cloyffer, the church belonging to which, otherwife called the church in
the gray cloyffer, alio adjoins to it. In the Stralau-Jirect flands the large
and hnQ Frederick's hofpital, in which above eight hundred children receive
inftruclion gratis. This hofpital has a church of its own, belonging to
which is both a Lutheran and a Cahiniß preacher. The building which
formerly ferved for the commandant's houfe, and was fituate in a bulwark or
baftion, is now the feat of an excellent pjrcelain manufadure, which is the
property of its projeftor the rich merchant Wegelin. The porcelain made
therein is confiderable whiter than the MiJ'nian, and alfo full as good, but
equals