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42 GERMANY, [Heffe.
1. The bailiwick of Cassel.
Cajfel in Latin CaJJella, and Qißila, the refidence of the fovereign, and
convocatory town of the province, lies on the river Diemel, being the feat
of the privy-council, the regency for Lower Heffe, the court of appeals,
the chamber of deniefnes, the war and mine-offices, and a confiftory ; is
fortified, and ftands on the river Fulda, which flows betwixt the old and
new town, having a ftone bridge eredted over it. The old town, which
is the largefl: and mofl: confiderable, forms a femi-circle on a hill, and like
the lower new-town is old failiioned ; but the French, or upper new-town,
betwixt which and the old town lies the efplanade, being delightfully
planted with rows of trees, is very regular and handfome. The palace of
the Prince ftands in the old town on the river Fulda, but is a diftinft fortification.
In the horfe-courfe is the Modellham, exhibiting a reprefentation of
the grand water-works of the Winterkaßen in their prefent ftate, and the
perfeä:ion to which they were to have been carried according to the original
plan. In the Kunßhaufe or Lycaum, is an anatomical theatre, together
with the hall of the collegium Carolinwn, a mufceum, a cabinet of antiques
and natural curiofities, and an obfervatory well furniflied with inftruments.
Over the ftables is the fovereign's library. The building where all
the above-mentioned colleges meet is a noble piece of ancient architecfture.
The arfenal is full of military (lores, with a foundery (landing at a fmall
diftance from it ; and near this the new houfe of corredlion.
In the Frnih new-town, Landgrave William YWl, has added to the
houfe in which he formerly lived a fine gallery of paintings. In this upper
new-town is alfo a beautiful church ; but the principal church in Cajel is
that of St. Martins abbey in the old town, in which lies the burial-place of
the Princes ; and near it is a public Lati?! fchool. In the old town is likewile
the Bruderkirche and the garrifon church, and on the ramparts a Lutheran
meeting, the fir (I (lone of which was laid in the year 1734. The
lower new-town has alfo a church. In Caffel is likewife one of the fuperinrendencies
of Hejfe-Cajj'el. The above-mentioned Collegium illu/lre or Carolinum,
was founded by the Landgrave Charles. Barracks have been built
for the garrifon. The way from the palace-bridge over the leffer Fulda
leads to the Prince's parterre, and from hence we proceed to the large
green-houfe, the exquifite marble bath and the A?7a, which befides its trees
and other embelliniments, has in its centre a fpacious bafon with a hill in
it. This delicious place is environed by the great and little Fulda. At Caffel
are manufactures of gold-lace, cloth, fluffs, filk and worded (lockings,
hats, and other commodities.
The mod ancient record in which Cajfel occurs is a grant of Conrad^.
King 0^ Germany, to the convent oi Mejchede in the dutchy of Weflphalia^
dated in the year 913. In 945, King Otho accommodated a conted betwixt
Hermann duke of Swabia and Cofirad duke of Franconia, at which
time.