RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 2: Field studies not including residue values
Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Study
Endpoint g
Pesticide
Appl. Rate
Location, Area, State,
Country c
2,4-D iso-octyl ester CNTI adult ENVIRON POPSUR 1.56 kg/ha Mt. Laguna, San Diego
Co., CA, USA
Study
Date
Effects de
Reference k
1974 Mechanical damage (bulldozing of
forests etc.) is more detrimental to
small vertebrate populations than
herbicides.
Lillywhite 1977
1974 “ Lillywhite 1977
2,4-D iso-octyl ester EUSK adult ENVIRON POPSUR 1.56 kg/ha Mt. Laguna, San Diego
Co., CA, USA
2,4-D iso-octyl ester PHCO adult ENVIRON POPSUR 1.56 kg/ha Mt. Laguna, San Diego
Co., CA, USA
1974 “ Lillywhite 1977
2,4-D iso-octyl ester SCOC adult ENVIRON POPSUR 1.56 kg/ha Mt. Laguna, San Diego
Co., CA, USA
1974 “ Lillywhite 1977
2,4-D iso-octyl ester UTST adult ENVIRON POPSUR 1.56 kg/ha Mt. Laguna, San Diego
Co., CA, USA
1974 “ Lillywhite 1977
acephate AMLA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.56 - 1.6 mixed wood forest, Larose 1975 No mortality. Buckner and McLeod 1975
kg/ha forest, ON, CAN
c
acephate BUXX adult PESTAPP PHYSIO 8oz ai into Lily Bay, Bomantown, 1977 Mean cholinesterase level for toads Sassaman 1978
64oz/acre Allagash, and T17R13,
collected 1 d post-spray
ME, USA
(mean=0.672, range=0.62-0.72 µM)
were higher than for frogs collected
30 d post-spray (mean=0.595,
range=0.48-0.68 µM), dif. not sig.
acephate PSCR tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.56 - 1.6 mixed wood forest, Larose 1975 No mortality. Buckner and McLeod 1975
kg/ha forest, ON, CAN
k
acephate RASY tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.56 - 1.6
kg/ha
acephate RAXX adult PESTAPP PHYSIO 8oz ai into
64oz/acre
mixed wood forest, Larose
forest, ON, CAN
Lily Bay, Bomantown,
Allagash, and T17R13,
ME, USA
1975 No mortality. Buckner and McLeod 1975
k
1977 Mean cholinesterase level for frogs
collected 1 d post-spray
(mean=0.672, range=0.62-0.72 µM)
were higher than for frogs collected
30 d post-spray (mean=0.595,
range=0.48-0.68 µM), dif. not sig.
Sassaman 1978
1977-85 Berger 1989
agricultural fertilizers XXXA larvae ENVIRON POPSUR ponds, Turew,
Wielkopolska, Poland
Al AMMA embryo IMMER MORT temporary woodland pond, < 1987 Embryonic survival negatively
coastal region, MD, USA
correlated with Al conc. in water.
aldrin RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11, 0.56
kg/ha
field tests, CA, USA < 1962 Toxic to tadpoles.
aldrin RACA tadpole PESTAPP MORT 89.9 L/ha pond, (0.025 ha), CA, USA 1962 Appl. rate (ai) 0.11 kg/ha: 30 %
mortality 5 d after treatment; 100
% mortality at 0.56 kg/ha (ai) 2 d
after treatment.
Albers and Prouty 1987 k
Mulla 1962 k
Mulla 1963 k