RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 20
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
DDT ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS >50 IC50>50, inhibitor conc. necessary for 50% inhibition of
17ß-estradiol binding to estrogen receptor.
Vonier et al. 1996
DDT ALMI adult (F) TISPREP PHYSIO DDT had the greatest binding affinity to estrogen sites. Crain et al. 1998a
DDT BUAM adult IMMER PHYSIO 35 After 1-3 h, a slight increase in short-circuit current was
observed in transepithilial tissue in toad bladder. Oxygen
consumption was also low and a loss of intracellular
potassium occurred.
Sides and Finn
DDT BUAR embryo IMMER DEVOBS room 1, 5, 15 5 and 15 ppm produced 100 % mortality on day 16 and 12
respectively. 1 ppm reduced time to metamorphosis.
Juarez and Guzman 1984a k
DDT BUAR tadpole
(31 d)
IMMER PHYSIO 1 Activity of beta-glucuronidase in tail fin treated with 21 ppm
DDT. Activity in treated toads sig. greater than in control.
Juarez and Guzman 1986 k
DDT BUBU tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE 0.005- 0.5 0.09 - 478 DDT; 0.22 - 5.1 DDE (24-48h exposure).
Cooke 1972b k
DDT BUBU tadpoles IMMER BEHAV BUBU more resistant than RATE. BUBU survived despite
tissue conc. of > 300 ppm. Tadpoles most susceptible just
before or just after developing hind limb buds.
Cooke 1972b k
DDT BUXX adult IMMER MORT Mortality occurred in: 1 of 4 taking poisoned insects; 2 of 3
receiving capsules; 1 of 2 sprayed;1 of 2 treated with drops of
standard spray on water. Total mortality of the 11 toads was
45%.
Logier 1949
DDT CHPI adult ORAL RESIDUE 23-27 100 body wt 3, 6, 12, 24 h and 3 wks, respectively: Liver: 0.336, 0.883,
0.044, ND, 3.936. Brain: ND, 2.828, ND, 2.890, 2.890. Fat:
0.454, ND, ND, ND, 33.068. Excrement: 0.045, 0.028,
0.143, 0.081, 0.237.
Owen and Wells 1976
DDT CRNI juvenile ORAL RESIDUE 1 (83.4µCi/kg) High levels of radioactivity are present in yolk sac, bile and
liver. Strong radiolabeling in the bile and liver indicate that
the hatchlings possess the ability to excrete substantial
amounts of 14C-DDT derived radioactivity via bile.
Skaare et al. 1991
DDT EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 48 h lethal time for both conc. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
DDT RACA adult IMMER MORT One fed 6 poisoned flies, developed slight symptoms for 1 d
and recovered. One was dusted with DDT and remained
unaffected. One was fed two capsules in the stomach of a
small frog; it developed symptoms in 20 h and died in 2 d.
Logier 1949
DDT RACA tadpole
(limb bud)
IMMER DEVOBS Reduced tail regeneration in all exposed groups Decrease tail
regeneration (mm) in higher DDT conc.
Weis 1975 k
DDT RACL adult IMMER MORT Mortality occurred in: 3 of 4 fed poisoned insects, 1 of 1 fed
one capsule, 1 of 1 immersed shoulder-deep in emulsion for 2
h, 1 of 1 treated with 1 drop of standard spray on water for
2.5 h.
Logier 1949
DDT RAHE adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 min exposure time.
Rajendra et al 1980 k
DDT RAPI adult IMMER RESIDUE Results not extracted from paper.
Kaiser and Dunham 1972 k