RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 6 - pH Studies - 27
Species
Code b
Lifestage Study
Endpoint g
pH Level(s)
Temp h Additional
Contam a
Cont.
Conc.
Conc.
e
Units
e
LC50 LC100 e
Effects eg
Reference k
RAPI embryo DEVOBS 4.2-6.5 20±2 Al 0, 0.25, mg/L In embryos and pre-stage 25 tadpoles, Al Freda and McDonald 1990
0.5, 0.75,
ameliorated the toxic effects of very low
1.0
pHs (4.2-4.4), while becoming toxic at
higher pH (4.6-4.8). Although both embryos
and pre-stage 25 tadpoles were killed by low
pH (4.2-4.4 and 4.2, respectively).
RAPI embryo HATSUC 4.2 bog, 7.5 fen No eggs hatched at pH 4.2; 98.5 % hatched
at pH 7.5.
Karns 1984 k
RAPI embryo MORT 4.2-4.8 20 Al 0-1.0
At 100%
Nontoxic (5% mortality) without Al. Al was Freda et al. 1990
mg/L
artificial
toxic only at pH 4.8. Organic compounds
soft water
(DOC 5.7 to 16.2 mg/L) complexed the Al
= 0.471
and thus increased the LC50 for total Al by
mg/L (for
more than two-fold. 100% artificial soft
Al).
water and the four dilutions of pond water
were toxic to embryos.
RAPI embryo BEHAV < 3.8-5.0 One of the most common species noted. Glooschenko et al. 1986
RAPI larvae PHYSIO 2.5-4.0 Acute exposure depressed Na influx and
accelerated Na efflux. Increased external Ca
slowed loss of Ca. Initial body Na content
was inversely correlated with acid tolerance.
Freda and Dunson 1985 k
RAPI prestage 25 DEVOBS 4.2-6.5 20±2 Al 0, 0.25, mg/L In embryos and pre-stage 25 tadpoles, Al Freda and McDonald 1990
tadpoles
0.5, 0.75,
ameliorated the toxic effects of very low
1.0
pHs (4.2-4.4), while becoming toxic at
higher pH (4.6-4.8). Although both embryos
and pre-stage 25 tadpoles were killed by low
pH (4.2-4.4 and 4.2, respectively).
RAPI tadpoles DEVOBS 96 h exposure to bog water (pH 4.2): there
was 0% survival (controls had 97.5%
survival).
Karns 1992
RAPI tadpoles DEVOBS 4.4-5.8 Linear increase in survival time and thus pH
tolerance during first 8 wks of development.
Tadpoles grew at rates of 5.9 - 36 mg/d.
Freda and Dunson 1985 k
RAPI tadpoles BEHAV 4.0, 4.5 20-22 4.06 (96
No significant difference in activity level Freda and Taylor 1992
h);
after acidification was initiated. Tadpoles
N=30/treat
avoided pH 4.0 and 4.5 (along with BUAM
-ment
they were the most sensitive species tested).
RAPR embryo BEHAV Breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do Corn and Vertucci 1992
not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill
embryos.
RARI adult
(abdominal
PHYSIO 2.5 Increase in influx and backflux of Ca and
mannitol and in backflux of Na at pH 2.5 in
Ferreira and Hill 1982
skin)
short circuited skin. Total conductance and
short-circuit current increased at pH 2.5.
k