RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 6 - pH Studies - 4 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Al, Cu, Pb, mg/L The all-metals mixture treatment induced Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor Fe, Zn significantly higher mortality for both species during acute and chronic exposure. Acute exposure AMJE survival was significantly higher in the high water hardness treatments (63 vs 25%). AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 outdoor Al 0.525 mg/L The presence of Al significantly reduced Horne and Dunson 1995 ambient survival during both acute and chronic exposure. There were no ameliorative effects of pH or hardness on acute exposure AMJE survival. AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Fe 0.02 mg/L There were no significant negative effects of Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor iron, lead and zinc on RASY or AMJE during acute or chronic exposure. Likewise, there were no significant effects of iron, lead or zinc on RASY or AMJE wet mass. AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Pb 0.01 mg/L There were no significant negative effects of Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor iron, lead and zinc on RASY or AMJE during acute or chronic exposure. Likewise, there were no significant effects of iron, lead or zinc on RASY or AMJE wet mass. AMJE larvae DEVOBS 4.5 and 5.5 ambient Zn 0.115 mg/L There were no significant negative effects of Horne and Dunson 1995 outdoor iron, lead and zinc on RASY or AMJE during acute or chronic exposure. Likewise, there were no significant effects of iron, lead or zinc on RASY or AMJE wet mass. AMJE larvae MORT 4.2 and >4.7 Al 10-30 µM Total dissolved Al was higher in acidified Rowe et al. 1992 (pH= enclosure compared to controls (pH >4.7). 4.2), 5-15 Greater mortality occurred at pH 4.2 than at (pH>4.7) pH >4.7. Significant effect of pond on survival also occurred. Mean wet masses of survivors was not influenced by pH. AMJE larvae - DEVOBS 4.2 and >6.0 Al 16 (pH= µM 100% mortality at pH 4.2. 8% survival at Rowe et al. 1992 metamorph 4.2), 0.1 (pH>6.0) pH >6.0. AMJE terrestrial PHYSIO 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, After 7 d there was no significant changes in Horne and Dunson 1994 metamorph 5.0 body water or NA, Ca, Mg, K levels. Exposure to the most acidic conditions for 14 d induced significant water loss and whole body Na loss. Body water loss was 20% at pH 3.5, compared to only 3% at pH 5.0.
Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) AMJE terrestrial PHYSIO 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, metamorph 5.0 AMJE terrestrial metamorph Temp h Additional Contam a ambient field Table 6 - pH Studies - 5 Cont. Conc. Conc. e LC50 e Units LC100 e Effects eg Low pH exacerbated body water loss in AMJE metamorphs. Dry mass after the experiment did not differ between treatments. Salamanders in pH 3.5 lost approx. 32% initial wet body mass. Those at pH 5.0 lost only 2%. PHYSIO 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 Metamorphs demonstrated a choice of substrate based on pH. For a period of 24 h after they were placed in test containers there was a wide variation in response (no consistent “choice”). Reference k Horne and Dunson 1994 Horne and Dunson 1994 AMLA embryo HATSUC 4.1-4.3 15 0% successful hatch, 59.1% curl for embryos Karns 1992 treated with acidic bog water. 97.3% successful hatch, 0% curl occurred for embryos treated with control artificial soft water (pH 7.5). AMLA embryo HATSUC 4.2 bog, 7.5 fen No eggs hatched at pH 4.2; 59.1 % embryo developed but did not hatch; 97.3 % hatched at pH 7.5. Karns 1984 k AMLA larvae MORT 4.2 0% survival at pH 4.2 (bog water), 100% survival at pH 7.5 (artificial soft water). Karns 1992 AMLA larvae BEHAV 4.0-6.5 Swimming activity increased linearly with pH between pH 4.0 and 6.5; activity was significantly lower at pH 5.0 and near inactivity occurred at pH 4.0. Stronger linear relationship than AMMA. Kutka 1994 AMM A adult POPSUR 3.9-6.3 AMMA presence affected by soil pH. Wyman 1988 AMM A adult POPSUR 4.1-6.3 Sensitive to acidic conditions. Dale et al. 1985 AMM A adult BEHAV 5.5, 7.7 Substrate selection: 60 % selected pH 7.7. Mushinsky and Brodie 1975 k AMM A adult POPSUR 4.1 Successfully breeding at pH 4.1. Dale et al. 1985 AMM all POPSUR 4.3-7.3 Al, Zn Amphibians were present in all 118 potential Glooschenko et al. 1992 A breeding sites. There were only two observations of AMMA. AMM egg MORT 4.0-6.0 > 50 % of eggs removed from acidic ponds Blem and Blem 1989 A (< pH 6.0) survived pH 4.3 - 4.7 but no larvae tolerated exposure to pH < 4.0. AMM A egg HATSUC 4.6 - 6.9 0 % hatching success at 4.6 ; 77.1 % at pH 6.9. Nielsen et al. 1977 k
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 229 and 230: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
Page 265 and 266: Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 11 Contam
Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Page 287 and 288: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
Page 329 and 330: References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
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References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
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References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
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References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
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References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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