RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Table 6 - pH Studies - 14 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k BUCN adult POPSUR Species has disappeared; cause of population decline is not due to acidification and is unknown. Bradford et al. 1994 BUCN embryo MORT 4.0-6.0 15 Al 0 or mg/L 4.7 The estimated extreme pH for Sierra Nevada Bradford et al. 1992 0.039- surface waters (5.0) did not cause a 0.080 significant reduction in survival for either life stage or species. Sublethal effects were evident as earlier hatching at pH 5.0. BUCN tadpoles MORT 4.0-6.0 15 Al 0 or mg/L 4.3 The estimated extreme pH for Sierra Nevada Bradford et al. 1992 0.039- surface waters (5.0) did not cause a 0.080 significant reduction in survival for either life stage or species. Experimental exposure to Al did not affect survival; some sublethal effects reported. BUVA tadpoles DEVOBS 4.0, 7.2-7.6 25-30 Significant difference in wet wt; controls Pierce and Montgomery exhibited twice the growth rate (86% suppression in growth rate of pH 4.0 exposed tadpoles). Significant differences in dry wts between controls and pH 4.0 exposed tadpoles. No significant differences were observed. 1989 BUWO adult POPSUR 4.25 Not observed in ponds with pH > 4.25. Freda and Dunson 1986 k BUWO embryo HATSUC 3.75-5.8 45 % hatching at pH 4.10; 0 % hatching at pH 3.75 - 4.0; 100 % hatching at pH 4.25 and 5.8 in softened water. Freda and Dunson 1986 k BUWO tadpoles DEVOBS 4.0-6.0 25-30 Significant difference in wet wt; controls Pierce and Montgomery exhibited twice the growth rate No significant differences were observed 7 d after exposure period. 1989 BUXX embryo MORT 3.6-4.0 14.4-19 83.3 % mortality. Saber and Dunson 1978 k CACA embryo MORT 3.5-6.5 At higher acidity developmental abnormalities, delayed development and mortality was observed. Frequent abnormalities included microcephaly, edema, spinal deformities, curling effect and integument injury. Levels of pH lower than Hermosilla and Pincheira 1992 DEFA adult BEHAV 5.5, 7.7 4.0 were lethal. Substrate selection: 56.8 % selected pH 7.7. Mushinsky and Brodie 1975 k DEFU adult PHYSIO 3.0-6.0 Animals exposed to low pH exhibited elevated Na efflux rate constants. Frisbie and Wyman 1991
Table 6 - pH Studies - 15 Species Code b Lifestage Study Endpoint g pH Level(s) Temp h Additional Contam a Cont. Conc. Conc. e Units e LC50 LC100 e Effects eg Reference k DEFU adult POPSUR Bimodal distribution with one mode representing animals found in the forest interior (low pH) and the second mode representing animals near streams and wet areas. Distribution suggested avoidance of acidic conditions. Wyman and Jancola 1992 DEFU adult POPSUR 3.9-6.3 DEFU presence affected by soil pH. Wyman 1988 DEFU adult BEHAV 5.5, 7.7 Substrate selection: 72.5 % selected pH 7.7. Mushinsky and Brodie 1975 k DEFU larvaepremetamor ph POPSUR Hatchling Desmognathine larvae and premetamorphic larvae were found in 16 of 78 low order streams from coal surface mine impacted areas of the Cumberland Plateau, Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama. Although larvae were found to be surviving Gore 1983 DEMO adult BEHAV 3.5-7.2 in a wide range of conditions. 100 % survival after 3 weeks; significant inhibition of feeding at 3.5 - 5.0 pH when compared to 7.0 pH. Roudebush 1988 DEQU adult BEHAV 3.5-7.2 100 % survival after 3 weeks at 3.5 - 7.2 pH; Roudebush 1988 at pH 3.5 - 5.0 significant inhibition of feeding when compared to 7.2 pH. ELOB adult PHYSIO 7.0 pyruvate 0.03-0.50 Greater LDH activity in snake than turtle Baeyens and Hurley 1986 mM (PSSC); higher V max and lower Km suggesting faster conversion of pyruvate to lactate when the enzyme is saturated with substance. EUBI adult PHYSIO 3.0-6.0 Animals exposed to low pH in the laboratory Frisbie and Wyman 1991 exhibited elevated Na efflux rate constants. EUBI adult POPSUR 3.9-6.3 EUBI presence affected by soil pH. Wyman 1988 EUBI adult POPSUR Found only on soils of higher pH. Field distribution suggests avoidance of acidic conditions. Wyman and Jancola 1992 EULO adult BEHAV 5.5, 7.7 Substrate selection: no preference, 50 % on Mushinsky and Brodie 1975 each of pH 5.5 and 7.7 substrates. k EULU adult BEHAV 5.5, 7.7 Substrate selection: 67.1 % selected pH 7.7. Mushinsky and Brodie 1975 k EUQU adult BEHAV 5.5, 7.7 Substrate selection: 53 % selected pH 7.7. Mushinsky and Brodie 1975 k HYAN adult POPSUR Presence unrelated to pond pH < 4.62. Freda and Dunson 1986 k
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 239 and 240: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
Page 257 and 258: Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 3 Contami
Page 261 and 262: Contaminant a Contaminant b Concent
Page 265 and 266: Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 11 Contam
Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
Page 279 and 280: Table 6 - pH Studies - 3 Species Co
Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
Page 289: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Page 317 and 318: Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
Page 319 and 320: Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
Page 321 and 322: Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
Page 323 and 324: Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
Page 325 and 326: References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
Page 327 and 328: References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
Page 329 and 330: References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
Page 331 and 332: References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
Page 333 and 334: References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
Page 335 and 336: References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
Page 337 and 338: References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
Page 339 and 340: References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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