RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 9
Contaminant a Contaminant
b
Concentration
b
LC50 EC50 b
TI d
MCIG d
NOEL d
LOEL d
Effects/Notes de
Reference k
DMSO
1.77 - 1.24 - 1.4 1.3 - 1.5 1.3 - 1.7 Results from 3 trials. Rayburn et al. 1991b
(dimethylsulfoxide)
1.86
DMSO
0, 1-1.2% v/v 1.0% v/v DMSO potentiated the lethal effect of Rayburn et al. 1991a
(dimethylsulfoxide)
both teratogens but did not alter
significantly the rate of malformation.
EC25(96) = 1.2% v/v. There were
additive effects for growth for all
solvents with the teratogens.
DMSO
0.25-2.0% v/v 1.92% 1.57% 1.2, 1.24
1.0% v/v
Least toxic or teratogenic solvent Dresser et al. 1992
(dimethylsulfoxide)
(trials (trials (trials
(trials
examined. NOELs for mortality and
pooled) pooled) separate)
separate)
length were: 1.75, 1.5% v/v (mortality),
(malform)
1.25, 1.0% v/v (length).
DPH (diphenylhydantoin) up 74.5 up 32.4 to reduced
Both p-HPPH and m-HPPH
Fort and Bantle 1990b
to126.4 62.9 mg/L 1.2 fold
(hydroxylated metabolites) were much
mg/L
less developmentally toxic than DPH.
emetine 0.7 µg/mL No significant difference occurred in
mortality resulting from any treatment.
Administration alone resulted in 28.9%
malformation of survivors.
Coadministration of caffeine,
theophylline and theobromine
significantly increased the incidence of
malformations.
Dawson and Bantle 1987a
ethanol 1.44 - 1.01 - 1.33 - 0.6 - 1.0 Dawson and Bantle 1987b
1.95 1.20 1.88
ethanol 0.25-1.7% v/v 1.58,1.44 1.04% v/v 1.42,
1.00, 0.75
Most teratogenic solvent tested. NOEL Dresser et al. 1992
% v/v (pooled 1.50
%v/v
for mortality and length were also
(trials trials)
calculated (1.25 % v/v and < 0.25% v/v,
separate)
respectively).
ethidium bromide 50 (47- 35 (29-43) 1 mg/L Only a slight teratogenic risk. Growth was Courchesne and Bantle 1985
54) mg/L mg/L
the most sensitive endpoint measured.
EC50 (96 h) for swimming ability = 50
mg/L. Min conc. to inhibit development
= 50 mg/L.
ethylnitrosurea 0.29 0.05 5.8 Inactivated ENU (evaluated by different Bantle et al. 1989b
mg.mL mg/mL
operator) resulted in LC50 of 0.25
mg/mL and EC50 of 0.052 mg/mL.
fenthion 2.61 mg/L 0.002
mg/L
Tadpole. Channing 1998