RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 7
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
atrazine (nnitrosoatrazine)
PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 8 0-3.75-15 51-93/1000 micronucleated erythrocytes. L'Haridon et al. 1993
atropine, soman RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 22-23 10µM (soman Neuron membrane potentials were measured; effects are Heppner and Fiekers 1992
and atropine) mediated by activation of muscarinic receptors.
Ba RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO K stimulated pNPPase seems to be completely dependent on
magnesium; Barium is a completely insufficient substitute for
Mg in this respect.
Ray 1980
Ba RANI adult IMMER PHYSIO 3-5 mM Mobilization of the ACh quanta readily available for release
might be a common mechanism underlying both frequency
facilitation and two components of PTP in muscle tissue
(augmentation and potentiation).
Maeno and Shibuya 1988
BaP PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 0.025- 0.1 Fequency of micronucleated erythrocytes: 0.025 ppm= 27;
0.1 ppm= 304.
Fernandez et al. 1989
BaP PLWA larvae IMMER RESIDUE 0.075- 0.3
x10 -3
Ratio of BaP in larvae to that in surrounding water after 12 h
was approximately 200; not dependent on dose; maximal
levels attained after 12 h. Contaminated larvae placed in
uncontaminated water lost 99% contaminant after 100 h.
Grinfeld et al. 1986 k
BaP PLWA larvae
(stage 23)
TISPREP PHYSIO 0.01- 0.75 Increase incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes after >2 d
of exposure.
Grinfeld et al. 1986 k
BaP PLWA newt INJECT PHYSIO 0.166 mg-150
x10 +6 Organosoluble- and water-soluble compounds were collected Marty et al. 1995
cpm in in the medium of injected animals demonstrating the
200 µl DMSO capability of PAWL to metabolize BaP into hydroxylated
products.
BaP RAPI adult TISPREP GENOTOX 0.01 mg/mL Three fold increase in sister chromatid exchange at 0.01
mg/mL in ambient water. Mitotic index reduced and cell
cycling time lengthened in dose-dependent manner.
Geard and Soutter 1986 k
BaP XELA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 22 0-4.0 mg/L Frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes increased with
increasing conc. (68/1000 at 0.5 mg/L; stage 50); a decrease
in micronucleated erythrocytes was observed at doses higher
than 0.5 mg/L (26/1000 at 1.0 mg/L).
Van Hummelen et al. 1989
BaP XELA tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 31-248 nM Mean numbers of micronucleated erythrocytes were 1.7, 6.3 Sadinski et al. 1995
BaP
and 16.4/1000 after exposure to BaP. Levels of both DNA
adducts and micronuclei were greatly reduced in animals
exposed previously to 31 and 248 BaP, but assayed at
metamorphosis.
BaP XXFR adult TISPREP GENOTOX < 20.0 µg/mL No evidence of genotoxicity after 1 wk in eye lens
epithelium.
Kung et al. 1987 k
Be XXFR embryo IMMER DEVOBS Development interfered with at N/5000 to N/1000.
Dilling and Healey 1926 k