RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 12
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Cd RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 1 mM Increase short circuit current to 126%. Cd uncompetitive on
the binding reaction of Na with a Na entry channel in
abdominal skin. No interaction between Cd and ouabain
effects on Na transport.
Cd RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 µM Reduced acetylcholine release from cardiac nerve. Did not
alter compound action potential of nerve trunk or affect
pacemaker activity.
Cd RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 5-50 µM Synaptic transmission sensitive to the toxic effects of lead
and cadmium.
Cd RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -7 - 2 mM Uptake into abdominal skin 150 µM/kg ww with 2 mM
treatment for 20 min. Conc. effect in activity of ouabainsensitive
and ouabain-insensitive ATPase inhibition.
Reference k
Takada and Hayashi 1981a k
Hayashi and Takayama 1978
k
Kober 1977b
Takada and Hayashi 1978b k
Cd RACA tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE Results not extracted from paper. Burger and Snodgrass 1998
Cd RACA tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE 66.8 (5.6) µg/kg= whole body mean conc. (standard
deviation).
Burger and Snodgrass 1998
Cd RACA tadpoles INJECT RESIDUE 0.5 body wt Cd conc. in liver (SD): 12.1 (3.4) µg/g ww, 8.1 (0.74) µg/g Suzuki and Akitomi 1983
repeated whole tissue; metallothionein induction in liver.
Cd RACL tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE Residues accumulated preferentially in the liver with a BCF of Richard 1993
3.41 after 25d of exposure to 1 mg/L.
Cd RAHE adult (M) INJECT PHYSIO 0.5 mg Male reproductive effects; enzyme activities altered. Kasinathan et al. 1987
Cd RAJA adult INJECT RESIDUE 0.225 Cd/kg Liver: Cd= 53.5; Cu= 175 Kidney: Cd= 65.7; Cu= 9.04.
Suzuki et al. 1986 k
Cd RAJA adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.225 No effect on conc. of 10 elements in livers and kidneys
except Cu.
Suzuki et al. 1986 k
Cd RANI adult INJECT RESIDUE 0.225 Cd/kg Liver: Cd= 53.9; Cu= 48.2 Kidney: Cd= 56.8; Cu= 10.
Suzuki et al. 1986 k
Cd RANI adult INJECT PHYSIO 0.225 No effect on 10 element conc. except Cu.
Suzuki et al. 1986 k
Cd RANI egg IMMER DEVOBS 4 Partial reduction in primordial germ cells at the 9-12 mm
body length stage.
Hah 1978 k
Cd RANI tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 4 Abnormalities in many embryos.
Hah 1978 k
Cd RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 -3 M No inhibition of Na transport across isolate epithelial tissue,
however, inhibition transport across frog urinary bladder and
large intestine.
Hillyard et al. 1979 k
Cd RAPI embryo IMMER MORT 21.1-
22.2
0-2.5 Increased survival with exposure occurring during later
developmental stages and lower Cd conc.
Birge and Just 1975b k
Cd RAPI embryolarvae
IMMER MORT 1.0-76.5 in
water
99% survival after exposure to enriched sediments.
Francis et al. 1984 k
Cd RAPI larvae IMMER RESIDUE 1.04-1074
sediment
Results not extracted from paper.
Francis et al. 1984 k