RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Exposure Route f Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 72 Study Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant Concentration e Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e Zn XELA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 3.4 mM Slowed kinetics of system; decreased the permeability constant, increased the time constant, shifted the K activation curve along the potential nerve axis. Zn XXFR tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS N/20000- N/50000 (see paper for details) Zn XXXX not specified Few survived N/20000; those which survived in N/50000 for > 3 mos were stunted and had no limb buds. Reference k Arhem 1980 k Dilling and Healey 1926 k INJECT PHYSIO The degree of cellular disturbance after injections was related to intensity and persistence of intravital reaction. Eschenko 1978 ZnSO4 XELA tadpole (stage 54- IMMER MORT 10-20 mg/L 0 % mortality at 10 and 15 mg/L in pre-treated groups (either Zn or Cd); 4 - 15 % mortality at 20 mg/L in groups; Woodall et al. 1988 58) 10 - 80 % mortality in non-pretreated groups with increasing mortality at higher ZnSO 4 conc. k
Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) is a standardized methodology for developmental toxicity assays that uses embryos of South African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis)]. (More information is available on FETAX methodology in American Society for Testing and Materials 1991; Bantle 1994a, 1994b, Bantle et al. 1992) Contaminant a Contaminant b Concentration b LC50 EC50 b TI d MCIG d NOEL d LOEL d Effects/Notes de Reference k 1,1-dimethylhydrazine blastula to hatching exposure= 7-9 mg/L Greenhouse 1977 k 1,2- 0.50 mg/L 0.29 mg/L Schultz and Dawson 1995 dihydroxynaphthalene (mean) (mean) 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro- 254 mg/L 245 mg/L 1.04 in LC50 in natural water>270 mg/L, EC50 Morgan et al. 1996 phenoxyacetic acid) in buffer in buffer buffer >270 mg/L. 2-AAF 88.5 mg/L 7.2 mg/L 12.4 (ai Metabolic activation reduced (1.9 fold) Fort et al. 1989 (2-acetylaminofluorene) avg = the LC50/96 h to 42.5 mg/L and the 16.7) EC50 to 2.6 mg/L. Malformations induced by inactivated 2-AAF included improper gut coiling and pericardial edema at conc >6 mg/L. 2-ethylhexanoic acid 0-88 mg/L 47.5 EC50 in mixture: 5.7 (5.3-6.1) TU in Dawson 1991 (44.0- mixture for malformation: 0.120 (0.112- 50.6) 0.128). 2-ethylhexanoic acid EC50 range In binary combination with valproic acid conc. addition occurred suggesting similar modes of action. Dawson et al. 1992 2-methylpentanoic acid 0-280 mg/L 172.6 EC50 in mixture: 18.0 (16.8-19.3) TU in Dawson 1991 (161.0- mixture for malformation: 0.104 (0.097- 185.5) 0.112). 6-aminonicotinamide 1.0 mg/L 1:1 ratio of compound to retinoic acid and 1:1 ratio of compound to isoniazid = response addition (TU>1.0). Dawson and Wilke 1991a 6-aminonicotinamide 900 mg/L As the conc. of 6-aminonicotinamide Stringer and Blankemeyer increased, the fluorescence from the dye decreased. EC50 value determined was comparable with those reported in FETAX for LC50. 1993 6-aminonicotinamide 2.23 0.005 446 1.15 Bantle et al. 1994a 6-aminonicotinamide 2950- 3190 5.3 - 5.7 518-602 100 mg/L Dawson et al. 1989 7-penicillamine Ratios of measured and calculated model parameters and median conc. ranged from 0.72 - 1.44 with an average of 0.99. Shirazi and Dawson 1991
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 203 and 204: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Page 257 and 258: Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 3 Contami
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Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Table 6 - pH Studies - 31 Species C
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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
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Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
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Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
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Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
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References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
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References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
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References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
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References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
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References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
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References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
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References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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