RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 25
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
DFP RAXX adult TISPREP PHYSIO 22 8.0 Results not extracted from paper. Wang and Murphy 1982
DFP RAXX adult TISPREP PHYSIO 22 8.0 Results not extracted from paper. Wang and Murphy 1982
DFP XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO Inhibition of ACh was recorded and compared to that found
in chicken and rat brain.
Andersen et al. 1977
diazepam RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 20-22 1 x10 -5 M Effects of DMSO and ethanol (1%) were analysed. DMSO
(0.22 M) increased rate of efflux of diazepam and ethanol
(0.55 M) had no sig. effect on rate of efflux. No dramatic
effect was noted for either solvent.
Degroof 1979
diazepam RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 7.3 5 x10 -5 - 5 x10 -
The sartorius muscle was not affected by diazepam, however, Degroof et al. 1980
6
M
twitch tension was increased and tetanus tension decreased.
An increase in the calcium pool was also observed.
diazinon EUOS adult INHAL MORT 3% 3-6 h lethal time. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
dichlone XELA embryo
(tail bud)
IMMER DEVOBS 0.075-> 0.2 100 % survival at 0.075 ppm; 0 % survival > 0.2 ppm.
Anderson and Prahlad 1976 k
dichlorfenthion RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 22 0 - 10 -3 M Only small suppressive effect on muscle contraction evoked
by direct or indirect stimulation at 1 x10 -3 M No effect at
lower conc.
Takeno et al. 1977 k
dichlorobenzene RAPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Metabolites of substances were isolated and identified by
chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
Safe et al. 1976
dichlorobenzene THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV Investigative behaviour noted. Secoy 1979
dichloroglyoxime XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO 37 Dose related inhibition of acetylcholine-stimulated
contraction of the rectus abdominis muscle.
Zmeili and Khalili 1990
dichlorvos RAHE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.75, 1.5 and Arrested growth at 10 wks. Mortality began to occur at 12 Raj et al. 1988
37.5 mg/L wks. Delayed metamorphosis. Total body protein and liver
glycogen was less than controls. Decreased body weight.
dichlorvos RATI tadpoles TISPREP PHYSIO 22 Locomotor/behavioural effects, increased heart rate observed. Tomar and Pandey 1988
Lighter pigmentation observed at higher doses. Shrinking of
the melanophore occurred at all doses.
dichlorvos XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO 10 mM Eliminated response to carbamylcholine almost completely.
Amount of inhibition was strongly dependent upon conc. of
OP and temp.
Dekin et al. 1978 k
dicofol ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS 45.6 Cis-nonachlor: IC50= 45.6, inhibitor conc. necessary for
50% inhibition. of 17ß-estradiol binding to estrogen receptor.
Vonier et al. 1996
dicofol EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 6-12 h lethal time. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
dicrotophos XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO Inhibition of membrane voltage response of muscle to
carbamylcholine which was dependent upon conc. and temp.
k
Dekin et al. 1978
dieldrin ALMI adult TISPREP DEVOBS No interaction with estrogen receptors. Vonier et al. 1996
dieldrin ALMI adult (F) TISPREP PHYSIO Estrogen receptors from alligator oviductal tissue tested with
various environmental chemicals and with 17ß-estradiol.
Arnold et al. 1997