RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 5 - FETAX Studies - 20
Contaminant a Contaminant
b
Concentration
b
LC50 EC50 b
TI d
MCIG d
NOEL d
LOEL d
Effects/Notes de
tamoxifen 10-100 µg/L Stage 60-66 embryo; no effect on tail
resorption, > 100 µg/L resulted in
mortality.
tar 0.83 % 0.48 %
theobromine 0.000075 mg/L When coadministered with: hydroxyurea
(-), cytosine (-), cyclohexamide (+),
emetine (+), fluorouacil (+). (+) =
increase in rate of malformation
compared to chemical tested alone; (-) =
no significant difference in rate of
malformation.
theophylline 0.000075 mg/L When coadministered with: hydroxyurea
(+), cytosine arabinoside (+),
cyclohexamide (+), emetine (+),
Fluorouracil (+). (+) = increase in rate of
malformation compared to chemical
tested alone; (-) = no significant
difference in rate of malformation.
toluene 500 mg/L 179-193
(test
range)
173-217
(test
range)
trichloroethylene 0.24, 0.29 0.0048,
0.0023
trichloroethylene decreased
1.8
trichloroethylene increased
2.1 fold
decreased
3.8
increased
1.7 fold
0.86-1.04
(test
range)
mortality
(180-200);
malformati
on (146-
182);
growth (
131-164)
5, 12.6 NA, 0.02 More teratogenic than methylmercury
chloride. Additive effects occurred with
all solvents. EC25(96) and LC50(96)
were 0.002% v/v and 0.035% v/v,
respectively.
Results indicated that a highly
embyrotoxic epoxide intermediate,
trichloroethylene oxide, formed as a
result of the MFO mediated metabolism
may play a significant role in the
developmental toxicity of
trichloroethylene in vitro.
Based on TI values, embryo growth and
types and severity of induced
malformations, TCE was
developmentally toxic.
Reference k
Fort and Stover 1997
Dumont et al. 1983 k
Dawson and Bantle 1987a
Dawson and Bantle 1987a
Kononen and Gorski 1997
Rayburn et al. 1991a
Fort et al. 1993
Fort et al. 1991