RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 6 - pH Studies - 30
Species
Code b
Lifestage Study
Endpoint g
pH Level(s)
Temp h Additional
Contam a
Cont.
Conc.
Conc.
e
Units
e
LC50
RASY embryo MORT 4.10 for
hatching
LC100 e
Effects eg
Less pH-associated embryonic mortality
observed among more tolerant RASY; more
larval RASY survived pH 4.1 in lab when
initially contained with AMJE than at pH >
6.0 due to reduced survival and subsequent
predation by AMJE at pH 4.1.
RASY embryo HATSUC 4.5-8.1 5.6-6.2 Low pH led to 45% decrease in hatching
success; but did not affect hatch timing.
Lower temperatures and low pH resulted in a
decrease in frog length.
RASY embryo MORT 4.15-6.23 Al 0.031-
1.155
RASY embryo HATSUC 4.3-4.8 Al 34-46
ig/L
RASY embryo (4h
)
mg/L
(total
Al)
Mortality correlated only with pH. In two
low-pH ponds, high conc. of dissolved
organic compounds might have been a toxic
component. Generally, decreases in
mortality occurred with pH below 5.0
(exceptions did occur).
pH 4.8 and 37 µg/L Al did not affect eggs of
RASY ; pH 4.3 and 46 µg/L were more toxic
to RASY than 34 - 35 µg/L Al.
MORT 15 Differences in acid tolerance among
populations of embryos was not related to
levels of acidity in ponds.
Reference k
Sadinski and Dunson 1992
Schalk et al. 1998
Freda and McDonald 1993
Clark and Hall 1985
Pierce and Harvey 1987 k
RASY larvae MORT 3, 4, 5 100 % mortality within 2 h. No differences
in development noted at any other
treatment.
Ling et al. 1986 k
RASY larvae DEVOBS 3.25-7.6 15 Acid tolerance of larvae was not related to
ovum size nor to capsule thickness.
Pierce et al. 1987
RASY larvae PHYSIO 2.5-4.0 Acute exposure depressed Na influx and
markedly accelerated Na efflux - resulting
net loss of 50 % of body Na was fatal.
Chronic exposure caused 21-62 % reduction
in body Na level K content did not change.
Freda and Dunson 1985 k
RASY larvae MORT 3.75-7.6 All survived for 24 h at pH 7.2 - 7.6; 37%
survival at pH 3.5.
Pierce and Sikand 1985 k
RASY larvae HATSUC 2.0-7.6 Early feeding stage: 100 % survival at > 4.0;
Pierce et al. 1984
metamorphosed larvae 90 - 100 % at pH 3.5
and above.
k
RASY larvae POPSUR 4.5-5.5 15-20 Al 100-300 µg/L Interactive effects of pH and metals on a
freshwater, palustrine wetland assemblage
were measured in 500L outdoor mesocosms.
Horne and Dunson 1995
RASY larvae POPSUR 4.5-5.5 15-20 Cu 6-9 µg/L Interactive effects of pH and metals on a
freshwater, palustrine wetland assemblage
were measured in 500L outdoor mesocosms.
Horne and Dunson 1995