RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Exposure Route f Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 68 Study Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant Concentration e Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e Reference k UV BUAM egg RAD MORT No effect of UV-A was found on eggs or larvae even at exposures twice the intensity of normal outdoor levels. All embryos exposed for 30 min or more to UV-B died. Exposure to UV-B for 15 min or less did not affect hatching success. Grant and Licht 1995 UV BUBO egg RAD HATSUC HYRE had highest photolyase active compared to BUBO and Blaustein et al. 1994b RACS. UV CNEX adult RAD BEHAV 25-60 CNEX acquired as adults exhibited normal behaviour and morphology. Those acquired as juveniles and maintained under Vita-Lite exhibited abnormalities in pelvic and caudal regions. Behler 1987 UV CNSO hatchlings RAD BEHAV 25-60 Lizards exhibited skeletal deformities and suffered spontaneous vertebral fractures and posterior paresis as they grew. Behler 1987 UV DIWA juvenile RAD BEHAV 25-60 Lizards exhibited skeletal deformities and suffered spontaneous vertebral fractures and posterior paresis as they grew. Behler 1987 UV HYRE egg RAD HATSUC Highest activity of photolyase was found in HYRE compared to BUBO and RACS. Blaustein et al. 1994b UV HYVE egg RAD MORT No effect of UV-A was found on eggs or larvae even at exposures of twice the intensity of normal outdoor levels. All embryos exposed 30 min. or more to UV-B died. Grant and Licht 1995 UV PLDU egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase activity= < 0.1, sig. less than AMMA and AMGR. Blaustein et al. 1994b UV PLVE egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase activity= < 1.0, similar to AMGR and AMMA. Blaustein et al. 1994b UV RABR embryo RAD DEVOBS room Results similar to RAJA. In both species, sex ratios were determined at two stages, the first immediately after metamorphosis and the other when the animals matured, as based on gonad morphology and histology and on external sexually dimorphic characters. Shirane 1982 UV RACA tadpole (late stage) RAD GENOTOX 20 9.5 0.55-3.3 Gy (gamma rays) Increase in number of micronucleated erythrocytes; younger tadpoles more sensitive. Krauter et al. 1987 UV RACA tadpoles RAD GENOTOX 20 9.5 2.1 Gy (gamma Increase in number of micronucleated erythrocytes in early Krauter et al. 1987 rays) stage larvae. UV RACL egg RAD MORT No effect of UV-A was found on eggs or larvae even at exposures of twice the intensity of normal outdoor levels. All embryos exposed 30 min. or more to UV-B died. Grant and Licht 1995 UV RACS egg RAD HATSUC RACS had sig. lower photolyase activity than BUBO and HYRE Blaustein et al. 1994b UV RAJA egg RAD DEVOBS 40 - 90 % of tadpoles had no germ cells, the gonads with no or few germ cells were remarkably slender at metamorphosis and showed that they were depressed in their development. Shirane 1970
Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Exposure Route f Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 69 Study Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant Concentration e Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e Reference k UV RAJA egg RAD DEVOBS Formation of primordial germ cells was more suppressed in the pressed egg groups than the non-pressed ones. Shirane 1981 UV RAJA embryo RAD DEVOBS room 70% of larvae at stage I from the pressed and UV-irradiated eggs were germ cell free, but at a stage immediately after metamorphosis all animals had at least some germ cells, although their gonads often were extremely small and poorly differentiated. Shirane 1982 UV RASY egg RAD MORT No effect of UV-A was found on eggs or larvae even at exposures of twice the intensity of normal outdoor levels. All embryos exposed 30 min. or more to UV-B died. Grant and Licht 1995 UV RAXX egg RAD HATSUC UV radiation of a frog's eggs rarely results in sterilization, however, sterilization is greatly improved with compression of the lower pole of the egg or irradiating just before the first division of the egg. Bounoure et al. 1954 UV RHVA egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase activity= 0.05, less than AMMA, AMGR and PLVE. Blaustein et al. 1994b UV TAGR egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase activity= 0.2, sig. less than HYRE, RACS and BUBO. Blaustein et al. 1994b UV XELA egg RAD DEVOBS Effects of cold and pressure resemble effects noted for UV radiation. Scharf and Gerhart 1983 UV XELA egg RAD DEVOBS Irradiation of vegetal pole reduces primordial germ cells, produces cytological damage to the vegetal hemisphere and disruption of the normal mechanism by which the vegetal yolk mass induces the formation of the dorsal axis of the embryo. Thomas et al. 1983 UV XELA egg RAD HATSUC Photolyase conc.= 0.06 - 0.11, sig. lower than RACS, HYRE and BUBO. Blaustein et al. 1994b UV, anthracene PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 0-12.5 ppb 0 - 6.25 ppb= 15-17 /1000 erythrocyte mean micronucleus frequency, 12.5 ppb resulted in death. Fernandez and L'Haridon 1992 UV, AQ PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 0-100 ppb 0 - 100 ppb= 17-19.5 /1000 erythrocyte mean micronucleus frequency. Fernandez and L'Haridon 1992 UV, BA PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 0-6.25 ppb 0 - 3.125 ppb= 17- 23 /1000 erythrocyte mean micronucleus frequency, 6.25 ppb resulted in death. Fernandez and L'Haridon 1992 UV, BAA PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 0-12.5 ppb 0 - 6.25 ppb= 9-27 /1000 erythrocyte mean micronucleus frequency, 12.5 ppb resulted in death. Fernandez and L'Haridon 1992 UV, BaP PLWA embryo IMMER GENOTOX At 25 ppb BaP, 24% of embryos died (toxicity was enhanced with addition of UV exposure). Fernandez and L'Haridon 1994 UV, BaP PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 20 12.5-500 ppb No effects were observed with UV, BaP treatments alone, however, >25 ppb BaP with UV showed toxic effects. When larvae were not irradiated in advance, 90% died when exposed to 50ppb BaP and UV. BaP was 4-fold less genotoxic than non-irradiated BaP. Fernandez and L'Haridon 1994
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Contaminant a Species Code b Cd AMG
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Page 199 and 200: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Page 281 and 282: Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Table 6 - pH Studies - 25 Species C
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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
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Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
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Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
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Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
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References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
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References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
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References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
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References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
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References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
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References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
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References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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