RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 47
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
NH4Cl, NH3, Cl PLWA adult IMMER PHYSIO 24 7.5 Ammonia loading and urea excretion were tracked in animals. Dejours et al. 1989a
NH4Cl, NH3, Cl XELA adult IMMER PHYSIO 24 7.5 Ammonia loading and urea excretion were tracked in animals. Dejours et al. 1989a
Ni CYPY adult IMMER PHYSIO 10 -4 M Lower conc. did not affect the electrical properties of the
cell: 10 -4 M decreased membrane potential up to 82 % of
control value.
Kanno et al. 1978 k
Ni XELA adult TISPREP PHYSIO Slowed down kinetics of the K system, decreased permeability
Arhem 1980
constant. In K and Na systems, reversibly shifted Na
activation curve in positive direction along potential nerve
axis.
k
Ni subsulfide CYPY adult INJECT PATH 21 40-100µg of 7/8 malignant melanoma tumors developed in eye after Okamoto 1987
Ni3S2 injection. 19/28 had pigmented cells.
niclosamide BURE adult ORAL PATH 0.3 mg Force feeding 0.3 mg daily during non-breeding season
induced formation of kidney tumours in 2 toads (2%).
Sabry and El-Mofty 1986 k
nicotine EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 12-72 h lethal time. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
nicotine RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 7.4 0.1% nicotine
solution in
frog-Ringer
solution
The ciliary beat and oxidative metabolism of the lung tissue
decreased an avg of 35-37% respectively.
Kikta et al. 1976
nifurpirinol RAPI larvae IMMER BEHAV 0.2-20 No mortality after 7 d. In 10 and 20 ppm were immobilized
during exposure but recovered.
Marking et al. 1977 k
nitrate AMJE egg IMMER HATSUC 0-40 mg/L No dif. between hatching success and deformed larvae number
(99% hatch success, 13% deformed).
Laposata and Dunson 1998
nitrate AMMA egg IMMER HATSUC 0-40 mg/L No dif. between hatching success and deformed larvae number
(11% hatching success).
Laposata and Dunson 1998
nitrate BUAM egg IMMER HATSUC 0-40 mg/L No dif. between hatching success and deformed larvae number
(80% hatching success; 80% deformed).
Laposata and Dunson 1998
nitrate RACA adult IMMER MORT 10-40 mg/L Nitrate stress may depress the immune response. Dappen 1982
nitrate RACA tadpoles IMMER MORT 10-40 mg/L Nitrate stress may depress the immune response. Dappen 1982
nitrate RAPI adult IMMER MORT 10-40 mg/L Nitrate stress may depress the immune response. Dappen 1982
nitrate RAPI tadpoles IMMER MORT 10-40 mg/L Nitrate stress may depress the immune response. Dappen 1982
nitrate RASY egg IMMER HATSUC 0-40 mg/L No dif. in hatching success or proportion of deformed larvae
(97% hatch success and 78% deformed larvae).
Laposata and Dunson 1998
nitrate XELA adult IMMER MORT 10-40 mg/L Nitrate stress may depress the immune response. Dappen 1982
nitrate XELA tadpoles IMMER MORT 10-40 mg/L Nitrate stress may depress the immune response. Dappen 1982
nitrite RACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 25 7.3 1-50 mg/L Total hemoglobin levels not sig. altered; highly sig. positive
relationship found between methemoglobinemia and nitrite
conc.
Huey and Beitinger 1980a
NMU NANA adult INJECT MORT 20-200 NMU disturbs synthetic-secretory balance of hypothalamic
secretory centres in grass snake.
Biczycki et al. 1992b
NMU NANA adult INJECT PHYSIO 20-200 NMU is a factor in disturbing normal function of thyroid in
grass snake.
Biczycki et al. 1992a