RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 6 - pH Studies - 21
Species
Code b
Lifestage Study
Endpoint g
pH Level(s)
Temp h Additional
Contam a
Cont.
Conc.
Conc.
e
Units
e
LC50 LC100 e
Effects eg
Reference k
PSTR egg POPSUR 4.0-6.0 Populations not declining, close to 100 %
occupied sites.
Corn et al. 1989
PSTR embryo HATSUC 4.1-4.3 15 100% mortality at early development for
embryos treated with acidic bog water.
64.5% successful hatch, 0% curl occurred for
embryos treated with control artificial soft
water (pH 7.2-7.6).
Karns 1992
PSTR embryo BEHAV Breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do Corn and Vertucci 1992
not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill
embryos.
PSTR embryo HATSUC 4.2 bog, 7.5 fen No eggs hatched or developed at pH 4.2;
64.5 % hatched at pH 7.5.
Karns 1984 k
PSTR tadpoles DEVOBS 4.2 0% survival at pH 4.2 (bog water), 100%
survival at pH 7.5 (artificial soft water).
Karns 1992
RAAR adult POPSUR 4.0-5.0 62.5 % of water bodies at pH 4 -5 contained
RAAR; 21.9 % of water bodies at pH 5.0;
and 35.3 % of water bodies at pH 4.0.
Leuven et al. 1986 k
RAAR egg HATSUC 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 12-15 Al 100-800 62% mortality in eggs at pH 4.0, 0%
mortality at 5.0, and 6.0. Egg mortality not
affected by Al alone but synergistic effect of
pH and Al at 5.0 and 6.0. Hatch time
increased at low pH but was not affected by
Al.
Andren et al. 1988
RAAR egg HATSUC 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 12-15 95 % or more of eggs were successfully
fertilized and frequency was not associated
with pH.
Andren et al. 1988
RAAR egg POPSUR 4.0-5.0 In acidic water egg masses became heavily
infested with fungi.
Leuven et al. 1986 k
RAAR egg DEVOBS 3.8-4.2 Increased survival of embryos obtained from
acid field site compare to those obtained
from neutral pH sites.
Andrén et al. 1989
RAAR egg DEVOBS 4.0-6.0 Al 100-800 Low pH exerted strong harmful effect and
high levels of Al almost completely
precluded successful reproduction.
Andren and Nilson 1988
RAAR egg DEVOBS 4.0-5.0 Most hatchlings at pH 4.0 were deformed; at
pH 4.5 and 5.0 few deformities noted.
Leuven et al. 1986 k
RAAR embryo PATH 4.0-6.0 Rate of fungal infection was 75-100% in the Bellemakers and van Dam
pre-treatment year. Infection rate decreased
to 0-25% in the treated (limed) pools.
Removal of sphagnum did not affect the
infection rate of the eggs at all. No
differences were found.
1995