RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Exposure Route f Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 58 Study Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant Concentration e Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e Reference k Prolin PICA adult ORAL MORT 11 rats, fed avg. of 5.27 Mg No effects were observed on snakes. Brock 1965 prometryne RATE tadpoles IMMER MORT 0.01- 0.05 % All younger tadpoles treated with 0.05 % for 3 d died within a Jordan et al. 1977 few days. All older tadpoles exposed to 0.01 or 0.05 % died after 24 - 72 h. k propanolol AMTI larvae IMMER PHYSIO Did not alter glomerular filtration rate. Stiffler et al. 1981 propoxur RAHE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 2, 4 and 10 Accelerated metamorphosis and growth. Elevated body Raj et al. 1988 mg/L weight and reduced limb bud emergence period. propylene glycol RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 20-25 0.1-5.0 % Propylene glycol facilitates transmitter release from nerve terminals and raises ACh sensitivity of muscle endplate. Hattori and Maehashi 1993 prothiophos EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 1-12 h lethal time. Kihara and Yamashita 1978 PSCP BUMA adult IMMER PHYSIO AChE appeared relatively insensitive to inhibition. Fulton and Chambers 1983 PSCP GACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO No symptoms were exhibited in GACA exposed in one or two treatments. Fulton and Chambers 1983 PSCP HYCH embryo DERMAL DEVOBS 100-1000 ppb 92 % mortality at 1000 ppb and 52 % at 750 ppb; 100 % abnormalities at 1000 ppb and 58 % abnormal embryos at 750 ppb. Fulton and Chambers 1985 k PSCP HYCI tadpole/ad IMMER ult PHYSIO AChE I50= 2.7 x10 M. Fulton and Chambers 1983 PSCP PSCR tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO No symptoms were exhibited in PSCR or GACA exposed in one or two treatments. Fulton and Chambers 1983 PSCP RACA tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 0.05- 0.1 Neurotoxic esterase inhibition in brains of RACA tadpoles treated with 0.05- 0.1 ppm PSCP for 24 h was 75% or greater. Fulton and Chambers 1983 PSCP RASP embryo DERMAL DEVOBS 100-1000 ppb 53 % abnormal embryos at 500 ppb and 100 % abnormal at 1000 ppb; 6 % mortality at 500 ppb and 99 % mortality at 1000 ppb. Fulton and Chambers 1985 k pulp and paper CACU adult TISPREP PHYSIO 0.49-1.15 mL Bioelectric parameters of isolated toad skin and characteristics of frog sciatic nerve compound action potential were examined. Norris and Quevedo 1996 pulp and paper PLTH not specified TISPREP PHYSIO Bioelectric parameters of isolated toad skin and characteristics of frog sciatic nerve compound action potential were examined. Norris and Quevedo 1996 Pyramin BUVU embryo IMMER PHYSIO 1- 2 % Toxic effects only at high conc. Constantini and Panella 1975 Pyramin BUVU embryo IMMER MORT 0.025- 0.25 ppt Toxic for embryos, less so for larvae. 100% mortality in 0.15 - 0.25/1000. Embryo survived 0.025 - 0.1/1000 to hatch and develop as larvae. pyrazophos RATE tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 0.1-1 mg/L 0.01 mg/L: stimulation of growth, total inhibition of metamorphosis, marked change in transaminase enzymatic activity; lethal dose= 1 mg/L. Constantini and Andreoli 1972 Paulov 1981 k
Contaminant a Species Code b Lifestage Exposure Route f Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 59 Study Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant Concentration e Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e Reference k pyrene PLWA larvae IMMER GENOTOX 0.035- 0.2 Frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes: 0.035 ppm= 10/1000; 0.2 ppm= 22/1000. Fernandez et al. 1989 pyrethrin EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 1-3 h lethal time. Kihara and Yamashita 1978 pyrethrin THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV Investigative behaviour noted. Secoy 1979 pyrethroids XELA adult TISPREP PHYSIO Pyrethroids affect sodium channel gating (cyano are dif. than van den Bercken and non-cyano pyrethroids). Vijverberg 1985 q-hexane BUAR embryo IMMER MORT 1-15 5 and 15 ppm produce 100 % mortality on day 29 and 17 respectively. 1 ppm was not toxic. Juarez and Guzman 1984a k quinoxaline EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 72 h lethal time for both conc. Kihara and Yamashita 1978 radiation BUME adult RAD PHYSIO Activity of ACh and cytochrome "c" oxidase measured. Sai Siva Kumar et al. 1988 radiation CACU larvae RAD PHYSIO 50-150 rads Dose-effect relationship demonstrated between level of Hermosilla and Carrasco 1985 radiation and presence of micronucleated blood cells. k radiation HELE adult RAD PHYSIO 100 R/min with x-ray machine at 250 kVp Studies on esterase isoenzymes using PAGE technique show characteristic patterns in brain, kidneys, liver and lung. George and Eapen 1973 retinoic acid TRSC adult IMMER PHYSIO Elimination rates were not affected by the dietary treatment. Hinton and Whicker 1992 retinoic acid XELA adult IMMER MORT 0- 0.1 mg/L Adult vs. development toxicity ratios varied for chemical and Daston et al. 1991 between other animal species tested. A/D ratio=>10. retinoic acid XELA embryo IMMER MORT 0- 0.1 mg/L Death and defects were noted in embryos exposed for four days post-fertilization. Daston et al. 1991 rotenone EUOS adult INHAL MORT 3% Survived 3 d through end of experiment. Kihara and Yamashita 1978 rotenone RAPI tadpoles IMMER PHYSIO 10-500 gamma/L Results not extracted from paper. Hamilton 1941 rotenone XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO 5-10 µM Rates of active sodium transport and suprabasal oxygen consumption were found to be inhibited in frog skin by rotenone. Lau et al. ? Rupon RAES tadpoles IMMER MORT 18-22 0.001- 0.01% Two sizes of tadpoles exposed to solution. 21mm exhibited 0% mortality in 0 - 0.003%; 100% mortality in 0.01% for 32 tadpoles 100% mortality in all conc. Gunther and Plotner 1986 S RAES adult (F) INJECT PHYSIO 5 µg progesterone Sulphatides were measured in oviducts of RAES. Vitaioli et al. 1990 S THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV Investigative behaviour noted. Secoy 1979 saffan AGPI adult INJECT BEHAV 1.0 ml/kg 70 min anaesthesia, excellent muscle relaxation and effect. Calderwood and Jacobson 1979 saffan AGPI adult INJECT BEHAV 1.0 ml/kg No effect, unsatisfactory sedation. Calderwood and Jacobson 1979 saffan BOSC adult INJECT BEHAV 3.0 ml/kg 89 min anaesthesia, not anesthetized enough for safe Calderwood and Jacobson handling. 1979 saffan CRAD adult INJECT BEHAV 0.50 ml/kg 5 min anaesthesia, very good muscle relaxation and effect, Calderwood and Jacobson rapid recovery necessitating methoxyflurane anaesthesia. 1979
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amp
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ABSTRACT Many amphibian and reptile
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PRÉFACE De nombreuses populations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Contaminant
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INTRODUCTION Why is there a need fo
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Limitations of RATL The RATL databa
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Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Table 1- Field Residues - 20 Contam
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 2 Contami
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Table 2 - Field Studies - 12 Contam
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Table 3: Acute toxicity values from
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Contaminant a Species Code b azinph
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Contaminant a Species Code b tar XE
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Table 4: Laboratory studies not inc
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Page 189 and 190: Contaminant a Species Code b Lifest
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Page 255 and 256: Table 5: FETAX data. [FETAX (Frog E
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Page 277 and 278: Table 6: pH study data. (Studies th
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Page 289 and 290: Table 6 - pH Studies - 13 Species C
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Table 6 - pH Studies - 15 Species C
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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Species Code b Lifestage Study Endp
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Table 7: Reviews of primary literat
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Table 7 - Reviews - 3 Review Title
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Table 8 - Population Status - 2 Pop
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Table Notes Note a : see Appendix 2
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References - 2 Anderson, L.M. and R
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References - 4 Bantle, J.A., D.J. F
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References - 6 Beresford, W.A. , M.
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References - 8 Bishop, C.A, P. Ng,
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References - 10 Bragg, A.N. 1964. M
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References - 12 Burke, E.M. and F.H
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References - 14 Chattopadhyay, D.P.
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References - 16 Cooke, A.S. 1974. T
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References - 18 Dash, M.C. and A.K.
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References - 20 DeWitt, J.B., D.G.
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References - 22 Dutta, S.K. and P.
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References - 24 Elisyeyeva, K.H., H
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References - 26 Fontenot, L., C. Ro
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References - 28 Frisbie, M.P. and R
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References - 30 Godet, F., M. Babut
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References - 32 Gunther, R. and J.
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References - 34 Harfenist, A., T. P
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References - 36 Herkovits, J. and C
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References - 38 Hota, A. K. and M.C
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References - 40 Johnson, C.R. 1972a
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References - 42 Karns, D.R. 1984. T
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References - 44 Kraskowski, H.V., K
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References - 46 Leblanc, G.A. and L
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References - 48 Lotshaw, D.P. 1977.
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References - 50 Massot, M., J. Clob
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References - 52 Mendonca, M., J. Sh
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References - 54 Munro, D.F. 1949. E
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References - 56 Oliveira, E.M., D.V
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References - 58 Paulov, S. 1977b. T
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References - 60 Pierce, M.E. 1958.
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References - 62 Raj, T.P., A. Jeban
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References - 64 Rolfe, G. L., A. Ha
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References - 66 Sassaman, J.F. 1978
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References - 68 Semlitsch, R.D. and
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References - 70 Sparling, D.W., T.P
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References - 72 Surova, G.S. and A.
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References - 74 Tomar, V. and A. K.
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References - 76 Vijverberg, H.P.M.,
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References - 78 White, D.H. and A.J
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References - 80 Wyman, R.L. and J.
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Appendix 1a: Species codes in alpha
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 3 Cla
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 11 Cl
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Appendix 1a - Species Codes - 13 Cl
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Appendix 1b - Species Common Names
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Appendix 1c - Species Scientific Na
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Appendix 2a: Contaminant codes foun
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Appendix 2a - Contaminant Codes - 3
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Appendix 2b: Contaminants sorted by
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Appendix 2b - Contaminant Type - 3
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Appendix 4: Descriptions of exposur
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Appendix 6a: Glossary of Abbreviati
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Appendix 6b: Relevant biological an
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Appendix 6b - Glossary of RATL term
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RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

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