RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 51
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
parathion RAPI adult DERMAL RESIDUE 1 Half time rate of dermal penetration was 198 min.
parathion RAPI adult IMMER PHYSIO Metabolism of parathion incubated in liver slices for 30 min
(mµmol): 52.2 parathion remaining and 2.2 paraoxon
recovered.
parathion-methyl BUBO juvenile IMMER PHYSIO 23-24 25 ppb Sig. lowered temp tolerance.
Reference k
Shah et al. 1983 k
Potter and O'Brien 1964 k
Johnson and Prine 1976 k
parathion-methyl HYRE tadpole (3
wk)
IMMER PHYSIO 25-100 ppb Sig. reduced temp tolerance.
Johnson 1980a k
parathion-methyl RACY tadpole (4 IMMER PHYSIO 2.5 Exposure affected the qualitative nature of the brain lactate Yasmeen and Nayeemunnisa
wk)
dehydrogenase isozymes.
1986 k
parathion-methyl RACY tadpole (4 IMMER PHYSIO 5 Reduced brain glucose and elevated O2 consumption in Yasmeen and Nayeemunnisa
wk)
exposed groups.
1985 k
parathion-methyl RATI egg IMMER DEVOBS 0.00001- 100 % metamorphosis < 0.00002 %; increased time for Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
0.00005 % metamorphosis with increased conc.
1981 k
parathion-methyl RATI tadpoles IMMER DEVOBS 30-38 0.00001- 100 % metamorphosis < 0.00004 % at feeding stage; 100 % Mohanty-Hejmadi and Dutta
0.0003 % metamorphosis at 0.0001 in limb-bud stage.
1981 k
Pb ALMI adult INJECT RESIDUE 0.5-50 Blood Pb= resting 1.511 - 3.966, 504 h= 1.511 - 51.821
mg/kg; free erythrocyte porphyrin conc. (red blood cell basis)
resting 2.14 - 3.02 and at 504 h 2.82 - 3.47; ALAD resting
82 - 101, after 504 h 38 - 52.
Lee 1982
Pb AMJE embryo pH+CON DEVOBS 10 4.5 A toxic response to Pb was not observed at levels as high as Horne and Dunson 1994b
TAM
2.0 mg/L. Pb did not alter developmental rate.
Pb BUAM tadpoles IMMER BEHAV 22 500-1000 No overt indication of detection of Pb or obvious behavioral
stress response by tadpoles when encountering plumes of Pb
enriched water.
Steele et al. 1991
Pb BUAR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 20 2 Susceptibility to lead was markedly stage dependent. Perez-Coll and Herkovits
1990
Pb BUAR tadpoles IMMER MORT 20 8-16 mg/L Sig. decrease in rate of survival after 120 h (60% survival at 8 Herkovits and Pérez-Coll
mg/L and 40% at 16 mg/L Pb). Sig. decrease in survival with
combination Zn and Pb doses than with Pb alone.
1991a
Pb CRRH adult ENVIRON RESIDUE 18 year old female= 247 µg/kg lead (blood). Cook et al. 1989
Pb LAAG adult INJECT PHYSIO single dose 20 Doses of lead acetate affected the intensity of neurosecretion Biczycki 1992b
µm/g body wt and the processes of intracellular respiration.
Pb RACA adult IMMER PHYSIO 5.0-12.5 µM 5 and 125 µM Pb produced 9 % and 20 % decrease
respectively, in amplitude of rod response. No effect on cone
potential in eyes.
Fox and Sillman 1979 k
Pb RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 3 x10 -8
Rapid in vitro uptake of lead during first 30 min. Smith et al. 1974
Pb RACA adult TISPREP PHYSIO 5-50 mM Synaptic transmission sensitive to the toxic effects of lead
and cadmium.
Kober 1977b
Pb RACA tadpoles IMMER RESIDUE Results not extracted from paper. Burger and Snodgrass 1998