RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 41
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
maneb TRCR adult DERMAL PHYSIO 16-21 0.5, 2.5, 5.0
mg/L
maneb XELA embryo
(yolk
plug)
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
For both experiments no sig. changes in the relative
proportions of the white blood cells were found after
exposure to maneb at any of the conc. tested.
IMMER DEVOBS 1-5 Growth retardation, absence or reduction of malanogenesis in
eye, shortened tail, distinct notochord waviness. At higher
conc. organisms were unable to swim as well and control
specimens.
Reference k
Zaffaroni et al. 1979
Bancroft and Prahlad 1973 k
MCPA TRCC adult IMMER MORT 18 LT50 (lethal time for 50% of individuals) in h: 300 mg/L=
17 h (M), 21 h (F); 1600 mg/L= 35 h male, 455 h (F).
Zaffaroni et al. 1986b k
MCPA TRCC adult IMMER PATH 23±2 0,100, 200 and No carcinogenic activity of MCPA.
400 mg/L
Zavanella et al. 1988
meldrin EUOS adult INHAL MORT 1-2% 3-6 h lethal time. Kihara and Yamashita 1978
mercury(II)chloride BUAR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 22 7.2 0- 0.05 mg/L Evidence of dose and stage related teratogenicity and delayed
and irregular development.
Rengel and Pisano 1989
mercury(II)chloride MIOR embryo IMMER MORT 21-25 7.1 50 µg-300 300 µg/L produced almost total mortality within 24 h. 200-
250 µg/L; morphological abnormalities and retarded growth
also observed; Most died within 72 h 100-150 µg/L produced
low mortality, abnormalities were less severe. No sig. changes
at 50 µg/L.
Ghate and Mulherkar 1980a k
mercury(II)chloride MIOR tadpole
(8-10 d)
IMMER MORT 21-25 7.1 50-300 Survivors at 100-200 µg/L has distended body cavities and
were sluggish after 24-48 h.
Ghate and Mulherkar 1980a k
mercury(II)chloride RACY adult IMMER MORT various Exposed individuals exhibited weight loss, sig. reduction in Kanamadi and Saidapur 1991
(gravid)
ovarian mass and reduction in 1st and/or 2nd growth phase
oocytes.
mercury(II)chloride RACY adult (M) IMMER MORT 0.94 mg/L No sig. variation in body mass; other body size indices varied. Kanamadi and Saidapur 1992b
mercury(II)chloride RAHC oocytes IMMER PHYSIO 7.24 0.88 mg/L Loss of body weight after 30 d at 6.9 ppm; decrease in
ovarian mass for all tests; no mortality.
Punzo 1993b
mercury(II)chloride RAHE gametes IMMER DEVOBS 21±0.5 7.23 0-5.0 mg/L Percent fertilized decreased sig. with increasing conc. of
mercuric chloride. No effect at 0.5 mg/L, 69% fertilization at
1.0 mg/L, 27% fertilization at 2.5 mg/L, 0% fertilization at
5.0 mg/L.
Punzo 1993a
mercury(II)chloride RAPI adult IMMER MORT 0.5-50 10 ppm= 100 % mortality at 8 d. < 7.5 ppm no mortality
within 10 d.
Birge and Just 1975a k
mercury(II)chloride RAPI embryo IMMER MORT 0.0001-10 Cleavage and blastula stages most sensitive. 78-96 % survival
in 0.0001; 0% in 10 ppm.
Birge and Just 1975a k
mercury(II)chloride RAPI larvae IMMER MORT 0.5-50 0.5 ppm 100 % survival for 10 d. > 25 ppm lethal within 1 d. k
Birge and Just 1975a
mercury(II)chloride XXNE adult INJECT PHYSIO 10 body wt A decrease in serum protein not due to hemodilution was
observed after mercury treatment.
mesotocin AMTI adult INJECT PHYSIO 5 ng/g Mesotocin (a possible diuretic in salamanders) caused
glomerular filtration rate to increase from 0.204 to 0.319
ml/10g/h.
Kikuchi et al. 1976
Hartenstein and Stiffler 1981