RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 2 - Field Studies - 2
Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Study
Endpoint g
Pesticide
Appl. Rate
Location, Area, State,
Country c
Study
Date
Effects de
algicide PSCR adult ENVIRON POPSUR farm pond, MS, USA < 1984 Annual emigration increased from
18 % to 61 % of the population
during the study, seemingly as a
result of algicides eliminating the
population's potential food. Males
emigrated farther than females.
allethrin AGBB adult PESTAPP MORT 50-80 g/s (5
< 1994 10-20 min after, head vibrations
appl.)
occurred. Snakes died after 4 h.
allethrin TRFL adult PESTAPP MORT 50-80 g/s (5
< 1994 Habu snakes had 80% mortality
appl.)
after 4 h and 100% mortality after
8 h.
ambithion XXFR adult PESTAPP MORT rice fields, India < 1973 90 % mortality.
aminocarb BUAM adult PESTAPP BEHAV 175 g ai in
2.24 L/ha
mixed forest, Laurentians,
PQ, CAN
1978-79 Activity decreased during 2 mos
post-spray possibly related to
reduced prey availability.
aminocarb RACL tadpole PESTAPP MORT 0.11 kg/ha Richibucto, NB, CAN < 1974 Mortality in caged tadpoles, no
other effects noted.
aminocarb RAPI adult PESTAPP BEHAV 175 g ai in mixed forest, Laurentians, 1978-79 No sig. change in activity over
2.24 L/ha PQ, CAN
short term
aminocarb RASY adult PESTAPP BEHAV 175 g ai in mixed forest, Laurentians, 1978-79 No sig. change in activity over
2.24 L/ha PQ, CAN
short term.
aminocarb XXXA adult PESTAPP MORT < 1977 No effects.
aminocarb XXXA larvae PESTAPP MORT < 1977 No effects.
ammonium nitrate RATE adult PESTAPP MORT 10.8-19.9
g/m 2
setup in wheat and grass
fields
< 1997 5-110 min after appl., toxic effects
can be observed. It remains to be
seen whether fertilizers are
responsible for population declines.
Reference k
Parker 1984
Abe et al. 1994
Abe et al. 1994
Thirumurthi et al. 1973 k
Bracher and Bider 1982 k
Rick and Price 1974 k
Bracher and Bider 1982 k
Bracher and Bider 1982 k
Pearce and Price 1977 k
Pearce and Price 1977 k
Oldham et al. 1997
anti-flea product LAXX adult PESTAPP PATH < 1984 Noticed eye lesions from a
commercial anti-flea product appl.
Frye and Gillespie 1984
arco RACL adult PESTAPP MORT 22.4 L/ha ponds, Butte Co., CA, USA 1971 No mortality.
Rick and Price 1974 k
artificial light CACA egg RAD HATSUC Göksu delta, Turkish 1992 Total tracks counted represented Peters and Verhoeven
Mediterranean coast,
75% of all possible tracks per nest 1994
Turkey
(low emergence rates occurred). Of
all tracks counted only 37% of
tracks faced seaward.
atrazine ACCR adult ENVIRON POPSUR IL, USA 1995 Sufficient conc. of atrazine in water Beasley et al. 1995
and sediment to account for
observed evidence of damage to
plant populations which are utilized
by tadpoles.
atrazine HYCH tadpoles PESTAPP DEVOBS 0,81,192 University of Mississippi < 1998 Number of tadpoles decreased with Britson and Threlkeld
ppb Field Station, MS, USA
increasing atrazine conc.
1998