RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Contaminant a Species
Code b
Lifestage Exposure
Route f
Table 4 - Laboratory Studies - 46
Study
Endpoint g Temp h pH Contaminant
Concentration
e
Results, Residues, Effects and/or Remarks d,e
Reference k
Na3NTA XXXS larvae IMMER MORT 350 mg/L Survived up to 350 mg/L over 96 h in buffered solutions;
complete mortality in unbuffered solutions with pH > 9.4.
Flannagan 1971 k
nabam XELA embryo
(stage 10-
11)
IMMER DEVOBS 4 Alteration in pigment of retina, notochord and skin at
ultrastructural level.
Prahlad et al. 1974 k
nabam XELA embryo
(yolk plug
stage)
IMMER DEVOBS 22 1-3 Waviness of notochord and punctuate melanophores.
Bancroft and Prahlad 1973 k
nabam XELA embyro
(yolk
plug)
IMMER DEVOBS 10-1000 ppb 57 % survival in control groups and 56-60 % survival in
exposed groups at 10 d > 30 ppb 62 - 96 % abnormal.
Birch and Mitchell 1986 k
NaCl RABR tadpoles IMMER MORT 5.6-7.7 1-10 g/L Mortality occurs at 6 g/L after 48 h or 3 g/L after 72 h. Mahajan et al. 1979
NaCl RACA adult IMMER PHYSIO 1 M NaCl /g Salt load resulted in increased osmotic water flow and tritiated Parsons et al. 1990
water diffusion.
NaCl RAPI adult IMMER PHYSIO 1 M NaCl/g Salt load resulted in increased osmotic water flow and tritiated Parsons et al. 1990
water diffusion.
NaDEDC MIOR embryo IMMER DEVOBS 0.5 -5 mg/L 5 mg/L: highly embyrotoxic, growth and development
retardation, death in 24 h. 3 mg/L: survivors were 'highly
retarded' and malformed; after 72 h general edema, abnormal
bending of body, kinky notochord.
Ghate and Mulherkar 1980b k
naphthalene RAPI adult TISPREP PHYSIO 1-30 mg/L EC50(30min)= 4.4 mg/L; dose response relationship on Na
active transport.
Blankemeyer and Hefler 1990
napthoflavone (ßNF) CHPI adult INJECT PHYSIO Purified turtle P450 fractions may be useful in further studies
of the catalytic function of the inducible proteins.
Yawetz et al. ?
n-butyl sulphide THRA adult DERMAL BEHAV One snake died shortly after voluntarily ingesting n-butyl
sulphide, other behavioural observations are noted.
Secoy 1979
neostigmine XXFR adult TISPREP PHYSIO Inhibition of ACh was recorded and compared to that found
in chicken and rat brain.
Andersen et al. 1977
NH3 XELA embryo IMMER MORT Gastrulation is most resistant stage.
Ramusino 1980 k
NH3, temp XELA juvenile IMMER MORT 16, 20 8-8.4 Toxicity of ammonia differed with temp; possibly related to
skin surface area of animal.
Dejours et al. 1989b
NH4, pH PLWA tadpoles pH+CON BEHAV 24 Toxicity depended little on the ammonium conc., but rather Dejours et al. 1989d
TAM
depended mainly on the conc. of dissolved NH3.
NH4Cl, NH3 PLWA adult pH+CON BEHAV 24 7.89-8.49 Ammonia toxicity generally increased with NH3 but at a Dejours et al. 1989c
TAM
given PNH3 value, toxicity is higher in hypoxia than in
normoxia and higher in normoxia than in hyperoxia. Animal
size also influenced ammonia toxicity.
NH4Cl, NH3 XELA adult BEHAV 24 7.89-8.49 Ammonia toxicity generally increased with NH3 but at a
given PNH3 value, toxicity is higher in hypoxia than in
normoxia and higher in normoxia than in hyperoxia. Animal
size also influenced ammonia toxicity.
Dejours et al. 1989c