RATL: A Database of Reptile and Amphibian Toxicology Literature

Table 6 - pH Studies - 9
Species
Code b
Lifestage Study
Endpoint g
pH Level(s)
Temp h Additional
Contam a
Cont.
Conc.
Conc.
e
Units
e
LC50 LC100 e
Effects eg
Reference k
AMM larvae MORT 4.2 and >4.7 Al 10- 30 µM Total dissolved Al was higher in acidified Rowe et al. 1992
A
(pH=
enclosure compared to controls (pH >4.7).
4.2), 5-
Survival was unaffected by pH. Mean wet
15
(pH>4.7)
mass of survivors was not influenced by pH.
AMM larvae BEHAV 4.0-6.5 15 Weaker relationship between activity and Kutka 1994
A
pH and showed less overall activity than
AMLA. Significant difference between
treatments over 180 min was observed:
lower activity at pH < 5.0. No differences
between noon and evening observations.
AMM larvae - DEVOBS 4.2 and >6.0 Al 16 (pH= µM Survival was not associated with pH but was Rowe et al. 1992
A metamorph
4.2), 0.1
low at both pH levels. Survival did not differ
(pH>6.0)
between egg mass color morphs. Between the
two pH levels there was no difference in
time to metamorphosis and no difference in
wet mass at metamorphosis.
AMM
A
larvae
(newly
PHYSIO 3.0-6.0 100 % mortality at pH 3.0 occurred at 1.25
h exposure; 75 % mortality at pH 3.5 at 2.5
Robb and Toews 1987
hatched)
h.
k
AMOP adult BEHAV 5.5, 7.7 Substrate selection: 62.5 % selected pH 7.7. Mushinsky and Brodie 1975
k
AMOP embryo HATSUC 6-7 Hatching most rapid between pH 6 and 7.
Petranka et al. 1982 k
AMTE egg HATSUC Results not extracted from paper. Pierce and Wooten 1992
AMTE embryo HATSUC 4.0-11.0 5-30 Highest survival rate at 15°C and pH 6-8
(>90 %). No survival at 5 or 30 °C at all pH
levels.
Punzo 1983 k
AMTI adult POPSUR 5.6 Adult AMTI population declined 65 % over
seven years, while larval recruitment
declined over all but the last year of this
period.
Harte and Hoffman 1989
AMTI adult BEHAV 3.0-4.1 and
Males were more likely to leave acidic pools, Whitemann et al. 1995
6.75-7.5
which may have been population specific.
AMTI adult BEHAV 4.5-7.0 Survival at pH 4.5 was significantly lower; in
all pH exposures, AMTI growth and ability
to capture were significantly reduced.
Kiesecker and Clarke 1991
AMTI egg POPSUR 4.0-6.0 Populations not declining, close to 100 % of
areas occupied.
Corn et al. 1989
AMTI embryo BEHAV Breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do Corn and Vertucci 1992
not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill
embryos.